Conclusion
The site of Mehrgarh exemplifies the distinct stages in the transition from a subsistence system based largely on mobile hunter-gathering to one based on sedentary farmer-herding, the subsequent dispersal of the agropastoral subsistence economy based on wheat, barley, sheep, goats, and cattle, and the progressive sophistication in craft production in western South Asia.
At a fundamental level, the excavations at Mehrgarh demonstrate that this protracted process was characterized by a complex interplay between a range of local developments and the diffusion of various plant and animal species, and their associated practices, into western South Asia. It is, however, clear that the inhabitants of this settlement played a major role in the origins of farming practices in South Asia, the domestication of the zebu, and the development of a range of technological innovations in pottery production and lapidary craft and metal-working that would ultimately go on to have a dramatic impact on the populations of the Indus plains and the Indo-Iranian borderlands.
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