Index

1956, 332-333, 334, 347-374, 378, 503

1989, 25, 263-265,342,343,376-396, 502, 503, 506

AAU (American Amateur Athletic Union), 232 abolitions, 88, 112-131

serfdom, 88, 113-116, 126

slavery, 113,118-120, 126-127

Africa and Ottoman Empire, 126-129 global impact of American abolition, 124-126

United States, 123-124 transatlantic slave trade, 116-118 abortion, 76-77, 102, 104-106,110 abuse, 90, 118, 121, 455, 457 drugs, see drug use.

abusers, 450

accented cinema, 253

Accra, 145,155

Aceh, 174

actors, 267, 384, 388, 462, 490, 492 actualities, 249, 265 addicting substances, 451, 457, 459, 460 addiction risks, 453

addictions, 450-452, 455, 457, 459, 463-464 Adenauer, Konrad, 371-372

Adieu Philippine, 259

Adorno, Theodore, 147,149 advertisements, 216, 233, 409, 410 aesthetics, 150, 154, 213, 253, 257, 260

and music, 206-208

affection, 63, 68, 101, 479

Afghanistan, 340

Africa, 36, 71-72,112-113, 117-118, 126-129, 130,

216-217, 243-244, 430-431

East, 14, 145

Horn of, 336, 340, 458

North, 8, 22, 45

South, see South Africa.

sports, 243-244

sub-Saharan, 6-8, 23-24, 34, 48, 60, 107, 145, 172, 231

Tropical, 430-431

African Americans, 212, 356, 477, 481

African elites, 127

African families, 72, 81

African Games, 243

African slaves, 117, 121, 285

African societies, 59, 80, 172

Africans, 12, 90, 99, 121, 122, 127, 231, 343, 446

Age of Globalization, 77, 414-418 agency, 148, 171, 500 aggression, 19, 21, 246, 314, 363 aggressive materialism, 176 agricultural families, 60 agricultural lands, 278, 282, 288 agricultural productivity, 41 agricultural products, 278, 289 agricultural regions, 461, 483 agriculture, 115, 123, 164, 282, 287, 426, 500 air pollution, 416, 484-485 air travel, 29, 38, 412, 414, 502-503 airplane tires, 435

airplanes, 192, 195, 305, 410, 412-414, 418, 508 airports, 55-56

Akerman, Chantal, 268

Alaska, 288, 391

albums, 213-215, 216-217

alcohol, 446, 451, 458

consumption, 456-457

Aleutian Islands, 299

Alexandria, 142, 243

Alfonso IX (of Spain), 274

Algeria, 11, 21, 35, 256, 259-260, 301, 356, 369,

403

Algiers, 101, 243, 256, 260

Casbah, 256

allies, 304-305, 314, 328, 353, 361, 364, 435,

501-502

Alter, Nora, 260

Althusius, Johannes, 275

Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), 232

Amazonia, 424-425, 431

American Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), 232

American Civil War, 124-125, 454, 493

American feminists, 480-481

American films, 257, 261

American firms, 439

American International Group, 509

American kingdoms, 291, 293, 296

American leaders, 334, 340

American markets, 434, 440

American model, 141

American power, 185, 339

American Revolution, 278-282

Americans, 164-165, 323-325, 331, 333, 432-434, 491, 494, 495, 497-498

African, 212, 356, 477, 481

British, 279-281, 290

Native, 61, 89, 92, 446

Americas, 90, 102, 113, 177-178, 238, 287-288,

290-291, 292, 334

Central America, 22, 235, 288, 293, 337, 393

Latin America, see Latin America.

North America, 6, 37

South America, see South America.

Americo-Liberian elite, 440

Amin, Samir, 184

Ampere, Andre-Marie, 191

Amur River, 8, 15

Anagarika Dhammapala, 173

Anatolia, 22, 308

Andrew, Dudley, 264

Angola, 21, 337

aniline dyes, 192

anti-austerity demonstrations, 382 anti-clericalism, 164-165 anti-gay violence, 107 anti-slavery associations, 121 Antonioni, Michaelangelo, 265

ANZUS (Australia and New Zealand), 90, 328

apartheid, global, 20, 27

Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 269

applied science, 189, 191-193, 196-197 apprentices, 118, 123

to indentured immigrants, 120-122

Arab Spring, 381, 511

Arabs, 20, 51, 363, 366

archery, 238

architecture, 138, 149-151, 314

Russian, 254

Argentina, 12, 43, 71, 143, 243, 337, 344, 493, 495

Buenos Aires, 27, 40, 52-55,143, 288, 343 arms race, 313, 329-330, 331, 373 arms races, 313, 329-330, 331, 373

nuclear, 331

art, commodification of, 146-155

art deco, 154-155

art departments, 148-149

art forms, 147, 150, 250-251, 260 artisans, 43, 283, 470 artists, 138, 153-154, 157, 206, 208 arts, 34, 38, 95, 137-138, 146-150, 153-157, 208, 259, 265

creative, 147, 148

decorative, 150, 158

industrial, 154

Ash, Timothy Garton, 376, 378

Asia, 36, 52, 54, 56, 172, 244-245, 369-370,

494-495, 497-499

Central, 124, 217, 240, 263

East, see East Asia.

South-East, 8,13, 327, 425, 427, 429-430, 434,

436-439, 459-461

tropical, 425, 436, 437

Asian Games, 244 aspirations, national, 302-303 associations

anti-slavery, 121

sport, 233, 237, 246

voluntary, 225, 233

Athens, 34, 227-228, 230, 232 athletes, 230, 233, 239-240, 244-245, 495 Atlantic Migration System, 10-13, 21 Atlantic revolutions, 273-297

conflict among the monarchies, 277-278 shared political culture, 273-277

Atlantic World, 5, 12, 61, 273, 277, 282, 295, 494 atomic bomb, 196-197, 258, 321, 324

Australia, 11, 16, 18, 26, 35, 37, 42, 45, 406 Australia, Sydney, 51, 141-142, 149

Australia and New Zealand (ANZUS), 90, 328 Austria, 303-304, 306, 308, 310-311, 312-313, 348, 353, 385

Vienna, 95, 218, 303

Austria-Hungary, see Habsburg Empire.

auto industry, 437, 468, 475, 477-478, 483, 487 auto manufacturing, 470, 476, 478, 487 automobile tires, 432, 435, 437, 442

automobiles, 48, 411-412, 415-416, 419, 467-488, 503

consumption regimes, 478-486 early, 470

production regimes, 469-478

suspension systems, 468, 479 automobility, 411, 469 autonomy, 292-294, 461 aviation, 412-413, 414, 416, 499-500 ayuntamientos, 290, 291-292

constitutional, 292-293

Bacon, Francis, 187,189-191

Baconian sciences, 190,194

Baku, 42

balance, 196, 260, 361, 419, 468

balance of power, 335, 449

Balgo Community, 157

Balkan Wars, 18, 303

Balkans, 5, 303

balloons, 412

Ban Ki-Moon, 382

Bandung Conference, 354, 358, 370

Bangalore, 507

Bangkok, 56, 416

Bangladesh, 21, 49, 166

barefoot doctors, 75

Bartok, Bela, 209

baseball, 228, 230, 231, 233,235-237, 242, 495,509 Major League, 233, 236

Bataviaasch Genootschapt van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 187 battles, see individual battle names.

Baum, L Frank, 153

Bayer, 192, 450

Bazin, Andre, 251, 254-255, 260

BBC, 219, 348

Bear Stearns, 509

Beatles, 504

Beavers, Robert, 269

beer, 445, 447, 451, 457

Beijing, 53-54, 241-242, 246, 267, 354-357, 376, 383, 387-389, 395

Beijing, Tiananmen Square, 377, 379

Beijing World Park, 267-268

Beirut, 26, 40

Belfast, 44

Belgium, 35, 42, 55,165, 300, 430

Belgrade, 348, 350

Bell, Alexander Graham, 192

Benjamin, Dr Harry, 103

Benjamin, Walter, 138, 150

Benning, James, 269

Benz, Carl, 467, 488

Berlin, 143, 151, 228, 240, 263, 385, 501

Berlin, East, 386, 388

Berlin Wall, 342, 376, 378, 382, 385, 387, 396

Besant, Annie, 104, 176 bicycles, 412, 424, 471 Big Bang cosmology, 200

Big Science, 197

birth control, 78,102,104-105, 110

birth rates, 58, 59, 67, 73, 76

lower, 68, 70-71, 77

Biswas, Moinak, 266

black markets, 306, 482

blacks, 285, 289, 292, 295

blockades, 314, 327

Blue Banana, 55

boats, 404-405

Boeing, 500, 503

Bogota, 288

Bohemia, 303

Bohr, Niels, 200

Bolivia, 294

Bollywood, 38, 220, 507

Bolonaki, Angelo, 243

Bolshevik Revolution, 301, 338, 373

Bolsheviks, 306, 310

Bombay, see Mumbai.

atomic, 196-197, 258, 321, 324

Bon Marche, 142, 147

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 285, 287, 290 bond markets, 509 bondage, 8, 112-113, 118

debt, 119

Bonn, 372

borders, 9, 18, 23, 28, 496, 500, 504, 509, 512

Borneo, 174-175, 439

Bosse, Abraham, 137-138

Boston, 13, 54, 279

botany, 188, 190, 198

Boulez, Pierre, 211 bourgeois, 74, 229, 240, 284-285 bourgeois institutions, 140 bourgeois sports, 233 bourgeoisie, 282-283, 284-285

urban, 157, 284

Bourguiba, Habib, 371

Boxer Rebellion, 301 boxing, 228, 230, 243-244 boyari, 114 braceros, 20

Bracque, Georges, 210

Bradlaugh, Charles, 176

Brahman caste, 163,171

Brandenburg Gate, 385

branding, 509

Brazil, 5-8, 12-13,112-113,117,124-126, 241-243,

425, 429, 483-484

Brezhnev, Leonid, 335, 340

Britain, 96-98, 101-105,126-128, 311-314, 316,

361-364, 366-367, 406-408, 492-495 US rivalling, 494

British Americans, 279-281, 290

British Caribbean, 117

British Commonwealth, 235, 280, 293, 314, 316, 369, 372, 498

British Empire, 13, 119, 142, 235, 491, 494

British India, 13, 20, 51, 91, 124

British Society for the Advancement of Science, 193

British sports, 228-229, 238

broadcasting, 216, 234, 410, 509 brothels, 94, 97-98

Brown, Elwood, 242, 246

bubonic plague, 51

Budapest, 355, 388

Buddhism, 17, 92, 164,169-174, 177-178 Hindu-Buddhism, 174

Buenos Aires, 27, 40, 52-55, 143, 288, 343

Buitenzorg, 426, 447

Bulgaria, 18, 308

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 336

Buna, 435

Bunuel, Luis, 251

Burden of Dreams, 263

Burma, 13, 28,164, 317, 356, 405

Rangoon, 43

buses, 412, 468, 481, 484

Bush, George H.W., 392

business leaders, 498-499, 505

businesses, 402-403, 408, 413, 461-462, 491, 495,

505-507, 508, 510

Byrne, David, 215, 217

cables, 408, 417, 419 fiber-optic, 417-418 telephone, 417, 503

Cairo, 40, 47, 55, 140, 142, 145-146, 231, 365, 416

Calcutta, 43, 47, 52-55, 146, 266, 401

Cambodia, 45, 164, 344, 370, 429

cameras, 249-250, 259, 267, 268-269, 413, 502

camps, 24-25, 85, 129, 331

concentration, 129, 257 refugee, 74

Canada, 12, 16, 23, 26, 30, 436-437, 493-494, 500,

504

canals, 10, 334, 360-363, 366-367

Canton, 53, 93, 142, 187

Cape Colony, 43

Cape Horn, 288, 321

Capetown, 51 capital, 27-28, 52, 155-156, 190, 228, 304, 338,

447, 449

finance, 40, 55, 209

human, 3, 5, 31, 129

investment, 28, 475

regional, 40

capital cities, 37, 294, 394

capital markets, 505, 510

capitalism, 115, 156, 211, 227, 228, 498, 501, 506, 510

global, 233, 235, 508

industrial, 229, 490

and music, 206-219

open-door, 512

perfect market, 492

western, 116, 225

capitalist market, 206, 208

capitalist marketplace, 206, 207

capitalist world, 324, 497, 501, 508

Caracas, 288, 394

cargo, 413, 415, 419, 503

air, 503

Caribbean, 5-6, 12-14, 109, 112, 117, 121, 285, 287-288, 494

British, 117

French, 117

Carnegie, Andrew, 496

cars, see automobiles.

Carter administration, 337, 340

Caryl, Christian, 379, 380

Casbah, 256

castas, 289

Castilla, 274

Catholic orthodoxy, 87

Catholics, 80, 163, 167, 276-277

Chinese, 160

CCP, see Chinese Communist Party. celebrations, 92, 218, 386 cellphones, 221, 508 cement, Portland, 48

Central Asia, 124, 217, 240, 263

Central Europe, 42, 313, 353, 387-388, 401

Central Italy, 41

CERN, 197, 376-377

Ceylon, 425-426, 427, 436

Chan, Wellington, 152

change, 34, 58, 59-60, 65-66, 71, 72, 77-78,

80-82, 386-389

climate, 202, 396, 485 currents of, 80, 81 economic, 5, 72, 78, 93

family, 61, 69, 76

political, 318, 392

Charcas, 288

Charles I (of England), 276 chastity, cult of, 92-93 chattel slavery, 113, 119

Chemical Revolution, 190 chemical weapons, 192

Chiang Kai-shek, 310, 327, 499

Chicago, 51, 52-53, 141, 148-149, 153,

177, 495

child labor, 58, 59-60, 67, 70-71, 77, 78-79 childhood, 58, 59, 70, 75-76

children, 11-12, 58-59, 60-62, 67-69, 71-72,

73-74, 77-81, 91-92, 105 natural, 500

Chile, 105, 243, 288, 292, 294, 337, 393

China, 13-16, 41-43, 74-77, 139-140,

160-164, 240-242, 245-246, 387-390, 507-508

Beijing, see Beijing.

Boxer Rebellion, 301

Canton, 53, 93, 142, 187

Confucian, 161

Cultural Revolution, 23, 44, 76

Falun Gong, 168, 178

Great Leap Forward, 23

Guizhou, 14

Henan, 14

Hong Kong, see Hong Kong.

Jiangsu, 139

North, 14, 40, 143, 312 northern, 14, 312

Qing, 43, 92, 161, 164, 449, 454

Qingdao, 143 republic of, 241, 245

Shandong, 14

Shanghai, 27, 53-56, 97-98, 140-142, 145, 148, 151-152, 264, 453

Southern, 13, 174

Taiwan, see Taiwan.

Tiananmen Square, 377, 379

Yangzi, 10, 41, 43

Yunnan, 14

Zhili, 14

Chinese, overseas, 199, 508

Chinese Catholics, 160

Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 229, 310,

315, 328, 355, 377, 387, 390

Chinese government, 44, 449

Chinese protests, 388-389

Chinese religion, 169, 174-175

Chinese women, 16, 155

cholera, 47

Christian expansion, 162, 170

Christian theology, 177

Christianity, 71-72, 85, 92, 161, 169-170, 172, 175, 177-178, 496

Muscular, 228

Christians, evangelical, 89-90

church, 86-87, 164-165, 167-168, 176, 205-206,

291

Churchill, Winston, 325-326, 360, 427 cinema, 249-269, 413, 419, 499

accented, 253

American, 254, 262

Bollywood, 38, 220, 507

European, 252, 256

French, 255-262

French New Wave, 257, 261, 262, 264

German expressionist, 254

German New Cinema, 262-265 histories of, 249, 255

Hollywood, 38, 252-253, 256-257, 261, 265

Iranian, 265, 266

Lumiere brothers, 249-251, 254, 265,

267-268

Melies

George, 250-251

narrative, 250, 251, 254, 267

Nollywood, 38

realism in Italian

Indian

and Iranian cinema, 265-267 short films, 249-250, 254, 259 Third Cinema, 253, 265 world, 249, 252, 255, 261, 265, 268 cinematic traditions of other, 251 Circassians, 124, 126

cities, 34-54, 56, 94, 97-98, 273-274, 386-388, 409, 412, 484-485

central, 40, 44

coastal, 38, 508

earliest, 40, 94

garden, 44

global, 40, 50 industrial, 35, 45, 89 larger, 47, 49 largest, 38-40, 52-54

cities (cont.)

major, 44, 48, 49, 96, 140 older, 42, 97 primate, 40 sprawling, 79 as systems, 37-40

Citigroup, 507, 510 Citizen Kane, 258 citizens, 21, 37, 45, 52, 56, 230, 284, 287, 482 city governments, 49, 56 city services, 45 city systems, 34, 38 city walls, 35, 50 civic identity, 165 civil rights, 92, 108, 481 civil wars, 23, 123, 292, 317, 328, 333, 439, 440

English, 275-276 civilians, 51, 294, 307, 315-316, 317, 502 civilizational superiority, 161-162, 231 civilizations, 151, 163, 178, 182, 209, 311 class conflict, 54, 233, 246, 282 classes, 9, 84, 87-88, 289, 390, 450, 453 lower, 62, 64, 71, 87-88, 94, 446 classical education, 226-227 classical music, 214, 218-219 Classical World View, 194, 200 classicism, 226-227 clean water, 45-47, 56 Cleo 5 a 7, 258-259 clergy, 163, 274, 282-283, 289, 290 cliches, 196, 344

racialized, 8

climate, change, 202, 396, 485 Clinton, Bill, 506 clubs, 230-232, 238, 381

Turner, 235, 236-237 coastal cities, 38, 508 cobbler, 81 coca, 450, 455, 457-458, 461 coca-based substances, 451 cocaine, 450, 454, 460 Cochinchina, 429 codebooks, 403-404 coercion, 8, 113, 122, 126, 129 coffee, 63, 117, 286, 445-447, 451, 483 Cold War, 234, 321-345, 356-357, 370-371, 373-374, 500-504 divisions, 336, 339 Global, 337, 344, 373 origins, 323, 343

Soviet-American, 340, 342 system, 335-336

college students, 103, 503

Colombia, 294

colonial authorities, 72, 129, 448-449 colonial elites, 120, 122, 145 Colonial governments, 43, 174 colonial policies, 127 colonial world, 91, 145-146 colonialism, 10, 61-62, 201, 246, 253-256,

260-261, 262, 366, 370 colonies, 90, 91, 118-120, 129-130, 142, 143-145,

278-279, 429, 430

European, 43, 86, 89-90, 101, 113 former, 22, 201, 241, 281, 301, 369

Germany, 143, 306 colonized peoples, 19, 208 color, 51, 55, 231, 279, 285-286, 473 Comecon, 350, 501 comfort, 151, 412, 414 Cominform, 350 command economies, 44, 332, 338 commerce, 149, 154, 158, 268, 273, 408, 495, 499,

501

commercialization, 137, 148, 234, 260 commodification

of art, 146-155

of culture, 137-158

of music, 205, 210-211, 213 commodities, 138, 146-147, 205, 208, 211, 219,

449, 476, 483

Common Market, 347, 372, 504 common patterns, 60, 77 Commonwealth, British, 235, 280, 293, 314, 316,

369, 372, 498 communication, 401-421, 483, 490, 503-504 communication technologies, 418, 421 communism, 75-76, 108, 168, 327, 331-332, 333,

340, 497, 498

communist movements, 356-357 Communist Party, 240, 322, 326, 337-338,

340-342, 348-349, 356-357, 378, 389-390 communist revolutions, 73-74, 76, 230 communist states, 75, 387 communities, 14-15, 48, 52-54, 109, 113, 156,

179, 187, 230

religious, 80, 167 commuting, 37, 51, 56, 416 companies, 91, 424, 427-428, 470-471, 472, 475,

500, 503, 508-509

concession, 128

foreign, 438, 476, 502, 508 shipping, 16, 410, 495 companionate marriage, 87, 89 comparative theology, 172 compensation, 29, 67, 118, 234, 278 composers, 205-206, 208-211, 213-214 computers, 195, 198, 391, 414, 415, 417-420, 499, 507

concentration camps, 257 concession companies, 128 Concorde, 414, 419 concubines, 66, 92-94 condoms, 104-105, 107 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), 335, 337 conflation, 344-345 conflict, 162, 275, 277, 279-280, 299, 300, 307, 309, 336-337 class, 54, 233, 246, 282 ethnic, 74 global, 299, 306 ideological, 319, 330, 376 international, 280, 325, 432 superpower, 329, 501

Confucian cosmology, 160-161 Confucianism, 4, 85, 92,93,160-161,163,164,170

Japan, 61

Congress, 123, 313, 326, 403, 432, 435 congresses, international scientific, 194 Constantinople, 53 constitutional ayuntamientos, 292-293 constitutional practices, 294 constitutional system, 293, 294 constitutions, 281, 284-285, 291-293 constructionists, social, 85, 99 consumer culture, 140, 437 consumer goods, 35, 56, 332, 338, 482, 501-502 consumers, 28, 69, 210, 352, 442, 445, 499 consumption, 217-218, 221, 444, 446, 448, 450-452, 458-459, 469, 470

alcohol, 456-457 energy, 419, 485 mass, 140, 417, 472 of music, 205, 218 tobacco, 459, 462

contacts, 34, 59, 75, 77, 170, 208, 245, 503 container ships, 416, 503 containerization, 415-416, 503 contests, 114, 226-227, 231, 315 Continental Congress, 279 contingency, 261

continuities, 22-23, 58, 71, 82, 113,125, 158, 166, 464

continuous in-migration, 10 contracts, 88, 120, 123, 128, 435, 502 corporate, 440 indentured, 120, 122-123 contradiction, 19, 21, 128 controlled substances, 453, 455, 459, 463 convergence, 35, 418-419, 508 conversion, 62, 71-72, 76, 163, 169-170, 171 Cooder, Ry, 215

Cooke, William, 407

Copeland, Stewart, 213-214 copyright, 206, 208 core areas, 289

corporate contracts, 440 corporate sponsorship, 233, 235 corporations, 234, 428-429, 434, 511

foreign, 438, 502

multi-national, 199, 510

multinational, 199, 201, 476, 487, 508, 510-511 corruption, 357-358, 454-455

Cortes, 274, 291-293 cosmology, Confucian, 160-161 costs, 283-284, 338-339, 402-403, 407-408, 416, 419, 506, 507, 509

public-health, 469, 484

supervision, 123 cotton, 12, 123-125 Coubertin, Pierre de, 227, 233, 238, 243-244 countryside, 36, 44, 49, 105, 121, 189, 283-284 couples, 87, 92, 103, 105-106, 256, 267

young, 87, 103 coups, 245, 294, 333, 337, 338 couriers

official, 402

private, 407 creation, 54, 68, 85, 150, 156, 170, 236, 238, 326-327

creative arts, 147, 148 creditors, 9-10 Creole elites, 13 Crick, Francis, 200 cricket, 228, 230, 235, 237, 242-243

clubs, 231

crime, 50, 102, 108, 110, 252, 256 Crimean war, 116, 126 criminal punishments, 123-124, 126 criollos, 289

crisis of use-value, 207 Cronenberg, David, 251 crowds, 244, 358, 379, 388, 395 crude oil prices, 441 crude rubber, 428-429, 440 CSCE (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe), 335, 337 Cuba, 13, 117, 141, 235, 243, 296, 330, 337, 358 cult of chastity, 92-93 cultural forms, 251-252, 254 cultural integration, 175 cultural practices, 17, 255, 278, 492

cultural products, 138, 251, 499

Cultural Revolution, 23, 44

cultural traditions, 251

culture, 17-18, 59-60, 65,135-137,146-147,

182-183, 419, 503-504, 506 commodification of, 137-138, 147,158 dominant, 157, 240 global, 75, 202, 384, 512

mass, 147, 233

production of, 44, 219

Culver, Stewart, 153

Cunningham, Alexander, 173

curators, 213-214

currents of change, 80, 81

customers, 108, 138, 145, 148, 150, 473, 479, 495 Czech Republic, 108, 379

Czechoslovakia, 208, 308, 334, 342

Daimler, Gottlieb, 411, 467

Dakar, 38, 220, 299

Dalai Lama, 379, 392

Dali, Salvador, 153, 251

Dalton, John, 191 dances, 92, 207, 209, 230

Daoism, 92, 170

Darwinian evolution, 195, 200 daughters, 62, 71, 87, 94, 95 Davids, Rhys, 173

Dayan, Moshe, 361

de Gaulle, Charles, 364

de Groot, JJ.M., 174

de Leeuw, Joseph, 154

de Machaut, Guillaume, 206

de Nobili, Roberto, 162 de-Stalinization, 351, 355 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 34, 323 death, 12, 169, 305, 307, 315, 317, 332-333, 383-384,

389

death penalty, 107-108, 460

death rates, 45, 48

urban, 47

debt bondage, 119

debt slavery, 113

Debussy, Claude, 208-209

Declaration of Independence, 189, 281 decolonization, 20, 26, 28, 201, 336, 344, 347,

369, 371

and sport, 244-245 decorative arts, 150, 158 decriminalisation of homosexuality, 102, 106-108

Delhi, 55, 107

demilitarized Germany, 353

democracy, 167-168, 201, 274, 331, 341, 501, 506 liberal, 394, 512

representative, 322, 330 demographic transition, 68, 70, 77, 81 demonstrations, 219, 231, 334, 386, 511

anti-austerity, 382

massive anti-Soviet, 350

Deng Xiaoping, 340-341, 388 department stores, 51, 69, 137, 138-146, 147-152, 154-158

art departments, 148-149

Bon Marche, 142, 147

branches, 142-145

critiques and conclusions, 155-158 de Leeuw, Joseph, 154

Diamond, Sid, 145

French, 142,146, 155

Galeries Lafayettes, 143

Harrod's, 143

Hordern, Anthony, 141-142, 149

Jacobs, Sammie and Gertie, 145

Jones, David, 149

Kingsway, 145

Macy's, 140, 154

Marshall Field and Co., 141

Mitsukoshi, 143

Muir and Mirrielees, 141, 148

Orosdi-Back, 142-143

Selfridge's, 141-142

Teitz brothers, 141

Whiteaway Laidlaw, 145, 152

Whiteley, William, 140, 141 departure, 3, 365 deportation, 3, 15, 18-19, 28, 315 depressants, 453, 457, 460 Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 287 detente, 335-337, 353 determinism, historical, 331 Detroit, 44, 411, 473-474, 477 developing countries, 25, 43, 49, 56, 235,

331, 463 development

economic, 4, 23, 24, 40, 48-49, 50, 309, 493 non-capitalist, 356, 360

urban, 4, 41, 151

devices, 210, 267, 409, 420, 468-469

new, 419, 420

Dhaka, 55 dialogue, 258, 327, 335 Diamond, Sid, 145 diasporas, 220, 236, 238 dictatorships, 22, 296, 322, 376, 393 digital technologies, 211, 217, 219-220 diplomatic relations, 281, 348, 358, 366 directors, 261-262 disabled veterans, 18

discrimination, 17-18, 86, 108, 110 racial, 481 social, 162

disease, 45-47, 105, 121, 307, 316, 512 disguised forms of slavery, 119-120 displaced persons (DPs), 19, 21 displacement, 22, 24, 27, 29, 120, 282 display, 138, 147-150, 153, 420, 479, 482 display, windows, 152-154, 156 display of goods, 150, 153 display windows, 152-154, 156 distribution, 48, 104, 199, 205, 211, 448, 451, 455 worldwide, 253, 486

divergence, 42, 139, 260, 418, 420, 500 diversity, 38, 52, 182

political, 326 social, 289

divert, 125, 302, 304

divine rights of kings, 275-276 division of Europe, 376, 501 divorce, 67, 69, 86-87

rates, 58, 67, 70, 103

doctors, 45, 51, 103, 259, 450, 456-457 barefoot, 75

documentaries, 228, 250, 260, 263-264, 265-266, 268, 377

Doe, Samuel, 440 dominant culture, 157, 240 Dominican Republic, 109 Doomsday Clock, 321, 336, 341 Douglas, 412, 500

DPs (displaced persons), 19, 21

Dresden, 43, 386 drinking, 67, 127, 456 drivers, 419-420, 468-469, 473, 478-479, 481, 485, 486, 500, 502

personhood, 480

driving, 311, 479-480, 485, 487 drug control, 449, 461 drug money, 454-455 drug trade, 446, 451 drug trafficking, illicit, 448, 449, 453, 455, 461 drug use, 445, 447-448, 450-451, 454, 456, 458, 460

drugs, 107, 444-464

era of development and control, 450-458 era of diffusion, 445-449

era of globalized interdependency, 458-464

war on, 460

Du Bois, W.E.B., 347

Dumenil, Gerard, 221

Dunlop, 425, 432, 438

Duras, Marguerite, 258

Dutch East Indies, 155, 447-448, 497

Duvivier, Julien, 255

e-books, 420

Eakins, Thomas Cowperthwait, 402

East Africa, 14, 145

East Asia, 34, 241-242, 244, 327, 445, 448, 452, 504, 506

sex and marriage, 92-94

sports, 242

East Berlin, 386, 388

East Bloc, 327, 333-336, 342, 344

East Europeans, 16, 326, 338, 342, 350-352

East Germany, 333, 342, 353, 385-386

Eastern Europe, 42, 44, 308, 334, 341-342, 348-350, 351-352, 355, 389

economic change, 5, 72, 78, 93

economic conditions, 23, 80, 323

economic development, 4, 23, 24, 40, 48-49,

50, 309, 493

economic globalization, 323, 336, 339 economic growth, 5, 23-25, 80, 109, 124, 150, 478, 483, 484

economic integration, 329, 510

economic interests, 282, 295-296, 301, 371

economic modernization, 165, 302, 318 economic power, 324, 350, 494

economic relations, 26, 469

economic restrictions, 299-300, 308 economies, 21, 23, 283, 338-339, 350, 352, 461, 501, 506-507

command, 44, 332, 338 international, 229, 323, 325-326, 436, 497 oil-producing, 20, 25

Eden, Anthony, 358-360, 363-364, 369

Edison, Thomas Alva, 192

Edo, 41, 53-54

educated elites, 14, 147

education, 21, 23, 25, 56, 58, 59, 61, 70-71, 75-79 classical, 226-227

sex, 89, 104, 110

Egypt, 124, 126-127, 130, 254, 356, 358-364, 366, 403, 405

Cairo, 40, 47, 55, 140, 142, 145-146, 231, 365, 416

Pharaonic, 255

Egyptian women, 73

Eiffel Tower, 268, 377

Einstein, Albert, 194-195, 200

Eisenhower, Dwight, 334, 353, 360-366, 368,

370,372

Eisenhower Doctrine, 365, 373 elections, 291, 326-327, 337, 370

free, 326, 342, 393

electric cars, 468

electric starters, 468-469

electric telegraph, 403, 407 electricity, 48, 56, 150, 190-191, 194, 404, 409-410, 420

electronic mail, 418 elite culture, 143 elites, 24-25,114, 232, 237,280, 289, 292,503,508

African, 127

Americo-Liberian, 440

colonial, 120, 122,145

Creole, 13

educated, 14,147

political, 18, 476

Russian, 114

Elliott, Michael, 382

Ellis Island, 11

embittered veterans, 310 emigration, 24, 38, 114, 126 emotional labor, 29-30 emperors, 160-162, 187, 285, 303 empires, 3-4, 89, 144-145, 293-294, 300-302, 303, 312-313, 317-319, 371-372

British, 13,119, 142, 235, 491, 494

Habsburg, 10, 18, 303-304, 307, 401 Japanese, 143

Mughal, 41, 163, 402

Ottoman, 5, 18, 19, 66, 112-113, 126, 163, 301,

407

Russian, 42, 306

Soviet, 348, 376

employees, 91, 128, 409, 471, 507 employers, 95, 123, 128, 130, 446, 477 energy, 194, 409, 419, 482, 485 consumption, 419, 485

engages, 119, 285 engineers, 47-48, 193, 196, 199, 329, 406, 409, 419, 472

engines

jet, 414, 500

piston, 414

steam, 42, 48, 189, 404, 467

England; see also Britain; United Kingdom, 41-42, 88-89, 123, 168, 175-176, 189, 228-230, 276-277, 401-403

English Civil War, 275-276

Enlightenment, 114, 164, 183, 186, 189-190, 201, 202, 331, 459

Eno, Brian, 217 enslavement, 119-120 sexual, 110 enterprise of science, 187-188, 198, 201-202 entrepreneurs, 15, 30-31, 42, 48, 289, 339, 411, 424, 447-448

environment, 148, 347, 484, 492, 511 natural, 54

environmental risks, 487 equality, 21, 49, 110, 201, 276, 285, 286-287, 291 gender, 109-110, 481 racial, 371 sexual, 84, 102, 109 social, 52, 338

essay films, 260-261, 263 essays, 34, 99, 102, 150, 207, 255, 260, 267-268,

381 essentialists, 85, 99 estates, 114, 116, 121, 274, 282, 427-428, 433,

438-440 estates, third, 282-284 Estates General, 283-284 Ethiopia, 300, 312, 337 ethnic cleansing, 12, 18-19 ethnic conflicts, 74 ethnic groups, 220, 240, 296, 433, 440 ethnic minorities, 129, 240, 308, 481 ethnicity, 51, 166-167 EU, see European Union.

Central, 42, 313, 353, 387-388, 401 division of, 376, 501

Eastern, 42, 44, 308, 334, 341-342, 348-350,

351-352, 355, 389 fortress, 28

Western, 41-42, 44-45, 47, 59-60, 65-66, 88, 273, 366-367, 372-373 European cinema, 252, 257 European colonies, 43, 86, 89-90, 101, 113 European Economic Community, see European Union.

European expansion, 89, 170, 175, 183, 300 European imperialism, 301, 369

European powers, 6-8, 126-127, 187, 300, 323,

371

European science, 186-187

European Union (EU), 55, 108, 372, 437, 462, 476, 511

evangelical Christians, 89-90 eventful years, 380, 382-383, 390, 394, 395

exchange, 24, 35, 38, 50, 402, 408, 483, 490, 496 exchange-value, 208, 209 exhibitions, 148-149,154-155

Exil Shanghai, 264 exotic, 101, 254 expansion

Christian, 162, 170

European, 89,170, 175, 183, 300 imperial, 4, 5,143

exports, 43,124,128, 287, 289, 426, 430-431, 440, 447

rubber, 431, 441 expositions, 208, 256, 495; see also exhibitions expressionist style, German, 252 extended families, 58-59, 62, 71, 72, 77, 81 extractive industries, 15, 97, 494 Exxon Valdez, 380, 391-392, 395

Facebook, 221, 508 factories, 29-30, 37, 42, 47, 58, 97, 249-250,

470-471, 477

post-Fordist, 477 faiths, see religion. Falun Gong, 168,178 families, 3-4, 6-10, 30-31, 58-82, 88-89,105

African, 72, 81 agricultural, 60 eighteenth century, 60-65 extended, 58-59, 62, 71, 72, 77, 81 and globalization, 77-81 large, 104,105 middle-class, 67 modern, 87-88 nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, 66-73 rural, 14, 67 twentieth century, 73-77 urban, 76 wealthy, 88, 228 working-class, 67 family authority, 72 family change, 61, 69, 76 family formation, 63, 77 family functions, 75, 77 family life, 60-63, 66-71, 73-77, 79, 81, 96, 471 family members, 61, 68, 78, 210

older, 59-60 family patterns, 61-62, 66, 72, 81 family responsibilities, 59, 68, 70 family size, 59, 77, 105-106 family stability, 13, 80 family structures, 58-60, 61, 87 family traditions, 59, 72, 74, 78

Far Eastern Games, 242-243, 244

Faraday, Michael, 192

farmers, 307, 426, 428, 459, 462, 464, 479 Farouk (of Egypt), 358

Fassbinder, Rainer, 262

fathers, 81, 94, 95, 501

Federal Republic of Germany, see Germany.

Federation Sportive Feminine Internationale (FSFI), 239

Feld, Steven, 205

Felipe V (of Spain), 277 female husbands, 100 feminists, American, 480-481 feminization, 27, 30

Fernando VII (of Spain), 292 fertility rates, 37, 88-89, 104-105 fiber-optic cables, 417-418 fiction, 260, 263, 267 field events, 239

FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football),

233-234, 236, 238

World Cup, 241

film magazines, 251, 257, 268

film schools, 257, 268

film shoots, 258, 267

film styles, 251, 256

filmmakers, 249-251, 254, 257, 260-261 filmmaking, 251, 257, 260-262, 263, 267 filmmaking styles, 257, 260, 264

films, 109, 216, 220, 250-254, 256-262, 263-268, 354, 414, 420-421; see also cinema

American, 257, 261

short, 249-250, 254, 259

finance, 50,185, 263, 283, 406, 490, 494,505, 508 finance capital, 40, 55, 209

financial institutions, 393, 420, 497 financialization, 504-505

Finland, 308, 348, 456, 501

Firestone, Harvey, 432-433, 435, 440-441

Fitzcarraldo, 263

fixed defences, 305 flags, 245, 404 flashbacks, 258 fleets, 13, 404 flexible mass production, 475, 477 flooding rivers, 29, 266

Floridas, 278, 280

Foner, Eric, 480

food, 35, 47, 118, 317, 332, 430, 512

forced labour, 19-20,120,129-130, 291, 315 forced migrations, 4-6, 8, 18,19-20, 74

Ford, 234, 411, 470-472, 477, 503

Model T, 411, 470, 479

Ford, Henry, 470, 480, 483

Fordism, 472-473 foreign companies/corporations, 438, 476, 502, 508

foreign goods, 146, 498

foreign investment, 494, 507-508, 510-511 foreign markets, 475, 494

foreign policy, 241, 324, 334, 337, 354, 505 forests, 34, 423, 424-429, 431, 439, 472 rain, 288, 429, 431

former colonies, 22, 201, 241, 281, 301, 369 fortress Europe, 28

Foucault, Michel, 85

France, 256-258, 276-280, 282-284, 285-287, 304, 311-314, 364-367, 406-408, 429-430 Mollet government, 358, 361-364, 372 free elections, 326, 342, 393 free immigration, 121 free labour, 120, 127 free markets, 122, 322, 330-331, 379, 428, 492 free migration, 8, 491 free trade, 123, 325, 491, 493, 497, 505 freedom, 112-113, 119, 122, 123, 126, 286-287, 322-323, 348, 480

sexual, 88

freight, 406, 414-415, 503

French Caribbean, 117

French cinema, 255-262

French colonialism, 256, 259, 262

French department stores, 142, 146, 155 French Indochina, 13

French New Wave, 257, 261, 262, 264 French Revolution, 165, 189, 227, 281-285, 286-287, 290, 296, 377 frontier regions, 6, 289

FSFI (Federation Sportive Feminine Internationale), 239

Fuchs, Eckhardt, 183

Fukuyama, Francis, 183, 322, 381 Fulton, Robert, 404 fundamentalist Christians, 80

Gabon, 119

Gabriel, Peter, 215, 216 Galeries Lafayettes, 143 Gallipoli, 306

games, 114, 231, 233, 234, 239-240, 244-245, 507 African, 243

Far Eastern, 242-243, 244

Inter-Allied, 246

Latin American, 243 national, 231, 495 Olympic, see Olympic Games. Pan-American, 243

Games of the New Emerging Forces

(GANEFO), 245

GANEFO (Games of the New Emerging

Forces), 245 garden cities, 44 gasworks, 48 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade), 501

gays, 106-107, 110

Gaza, 364 gender, 84, 86, 89, 92, 95, 109, 138, 450, 481 equality, 109-110, 481

roles, 58, 80 genealogy, 175, 266 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

(GATT), 501

General Motors, 472-473 Geneva, 197, 308, 453, 487 genre films, 252

genres, 207, 213, 251, 253, 260, 262-264, 388 gens de couleur, 285-286

Gente del Po, 265

Geological Society of London, 193 George III (of Great Britain), 279-280 Georgia, 278, 481

German authorities, 256, 386

German cinema, 252, 262-263

German East Africa, 306, 431

German expressionist style, 252

German gymnastics, 228, 237

German New Cinema, 262-265

German occupation, 256, 258 German power, 304, 313

German Turner Society, 230, 232, 238, 239 Germanization, 17

Germans, 262-263, 303, 305, 308, 309, 315,

316- 317, 407, 408

Jewish, 264, 481 Germany, 228-230, 263, 302, 304, 306-313,

317- 318, 323-324, 327, 435 armies, 304, 307, 315, 316 colonies, 143, 306 demilitarized, 353

East, 333, 342, 353, 385-386

Hitler

Adolf, 311, 313-315, 317, 326, 356, 472, 480,

483

Nazi, 129, 434, 499

universities, 192-193, 227

West, 246, 371-372, 476-477, 486

Gezira Sporting Club, 231

Ghana, 24,145, 369

Gibbon, Edward, 347

Giddens, Anthony, 183-184

Gillett, Charlie, 213

gin, 446-447 girls, 60, 73, 85, 238

Glaeser, Edward, 49 global apartheid, 20, 27 global capitalism, 233, 235, 508 Global Cold War, 337, 344, 373 global culture, 75, 202, 384, 512 global history, 182, 382 global migration, 30

Global North, 26, 27

global plantation belt, 5-6, 28

global religions, 177-179

global rubber production, 423, 430, 432, 436 Global South, 20, 27-28, 393

global sport system, 227, 237-238, 245-246 global war, 299-319

armistice for twenty years, 307-313

World War I and failure of internationalism, 302-307

World War II, 313-319 globalization, 27, 182-185, 198-200, 478, 490-512

British dominance to 1914, 493-496 conceptualization, 492-493 economic, 323, 336, 339 and families, 77-81 ligaments of, 399 modern, 491, 492

process, 487, 492, 497, 499, 503-504, 507, 508, 510

sports, 235-237 undercurrents

1951-1989, 502-505

United States

1990 to now, 506-512

war

peace

and disrupted globalization to 1950, 497-502

globalizing world, 137-158, 340, 506

Glorious Revolution, 277

GM, see General Motors.

God, 147, 160, 169,196, 206, 276

Godard

Jean-Luc, 253, 257-258, 261

Gold Coast, 128,145

Goldman Sachs, 507

Gomulka, Wladislaw, 350-351 Goodrich, B.F., 440 goods, 27, 41,143, 145-146, 153, 401, 491-492, 504, 506

display of, 150, 153 foreign, 146, 498 manufactured, 42, 115, 117

Goodyear, Charles, 423, 427-428, 438-439 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 341-342, 379, 385-386, 388 Gorin, Jean-Pierre, 261

Gottmann, Jean, 54 government officials, 19, 289, 446, 511 governments, French, 403, 429 Graceland, 213, 214-215

Gran Colombia, 294 Grand Cafe, 249-250 grands blancs, 286 Great Britain, see United Kingdom. Great Depression, 17, 323, 497, 499 Great Divergence, 42,139 Great Iron Store, 149, 151 Great Leap Forward, 23 Great Patriotic War, 348 Great War, see World War I.

Greece, 18, 89, 227, 243, 273, 304, 309, 313, 317

ancient, 227, 273

Greeks, 18, 74, 166, 186, 243 grievances, 280, 284-285 Grotius, Hugo, 275 group work, 475, 477 groups, 16-18, 261-262, 279, 281, 282-283, 285, 290, 292, 474

ethnic, 240, 433, 440

immigrant, 71, 78 marginalized, 237 social, 71, 114, 219, 280-281, 283 urban, 114, 116, 289 growth

economic, 5, 23-25, 80,109, 124, 150, 478, 483, 484

industrial, ιι, 52, 338, 494

population, 10, 42, 43, 56, 76, 84,105, 282, 290

Guadalajara, 288 Guangzhou, 142

Guatemala, 22, 105, 243, 288, 333, 357 guest workers, 12, 22; see also migrant workers guestworkers, 20

Guinea-Bissau, 260, 462 Guizhou, 14 gulags, 129, 352

Gurion, Ben, 358, 361, 363

Guttmann, Allen, 229 gymnastics, German, 228, 237

haberdasheries, 140-141

Habsburg Empire, 10,18, 303-304, 307, 401 Hahn, Otto, 196

Haiti, 8,12, 40, 273, 286-287

Revolution, 285-287

Halley, Edmund, 185

Hamburg, 38, 143

Hamburg-America Line, 38-39

Hangchow, 53

HAPM, 427-428

Haraszti, Miklos, 384

Hare Krishnas, 178

Harrod's, 143

Havel, Vaclav, 337, 342, 379 health care, 25, 44, 454

Hegelian Aufhebung, 177

Heisenburg, Werner, 200

Helsinki, 241

Helsinki Final Act, 337 hemispheric migration systems, 4-6 Henan, 14

Hertz, Heinrich, 192

Herzog, Werner, 262-263 heterodoxies, 162 heterosexuality, 84-85, 102-103

Hevea, 424-425, 426-428, 434, 441 hierarchies, 4, 10,17, 38, 40, 42, 50, 163, 176 race, 13,16, 20

high-speed trains, 410, 415, 419

Highland Park, Michigan, 470-471, 477 highways, 108, 415, 484

limited-access, 416

hijras, 92

Hill, Rowland, 407

Hills, Arnold F., 231

Hindenburg (Zeppelin), 412 Hindu-Buddhism, 174

Hindu rulers, 161, 163

Hinduism, 17, 72, 80, 85,163, 164,167,169,

170-173

hinge years, 380-381, 383-386, 387, 389, 390, 394, 396

hip hop, 217, 218-220

Hiroshima, 43, 258-259, 329

Hiroshima Mon Amour, 258-259

Hirschfeld, Magnus, 106

Hispanic world, 291, 292-294

Hispaniola, 286

historical determinism, 331

historical processes, 165, 219, 233 histories of cinema, 249, 255 historiography, 123, 183, 261-262 history of science, 176,181,182 Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, 151

Hitler, Adolf, 311, 313-315,317, 326,356, 472, 483

HIV/AIDS, 48, 107

Hobbes, Thomas, 276

Hollywood, 38, 252-253, 256-257, 261, 265

Holocaust, 167

Holyoake, George, 175

homosexual rape, 100

homosexual sub-cultures, 99 homosexuality, 19, 84, 86, 95, 99-102, 106-108, 109-110

decriminalisation, 102, 106-108

Hong Kong, 28, 40, 43, 142, 253, 449

Hoosier paintings, 148-149

Hoppum, 427-428

Hordern, Anthony, 141-142, 149 horizontal integration, 461

Horn of Africa, 336, 340, 458

Horowitz, Helen, 90

horses, 45, 207, 401-404

Hou Dejian, 389

Hou Hsiao-hsien, 264

houses, 34, 38, 91, 95, 151, 276-277, 446, 485, 505 housing, 45, 50-51, 352

Hu Yaobang, 389

Hubble, Edwin, 200

Hubble Space Telescope, 198

Hughes, Thomas Parke, 197

human capital, 3, 5, 31, 129

human rights, 78, 325, 337-338, 384, 460, 496 Hungarians, 334, 351-353

Hungary, 308, 310, 333, 347-358, 363, 371, 373-374, 385

^Nagy

Imre, 333-334, 351-352

Revolution, 347, 350-351, 363, 382

hunger, 306-307

Huntington, Samuel, 183 husbands, 61, 65, 72, 80, 94, 104

female, 100

Hussein, Gamal Abdel, 358-363, 365, 370 Hyam, Ronald, 91 hydro-electricity, 29

IAAF (International Amateur Athletic Federation), 230, 237, 239

IBM, 502

ICBMs (inter-continental ballistic missiles),

329

Iceland, 106, 108, 260-261, 510

Ici et AiHeurs, 262

ICSU (International Council of Scientific

Unions), 201

ideals, new family, 68, 71

identities

civic, 165

primordial, 165 ideological conflicts, 319, 330, 376 ideological struggle, 330 ideological systems, 322, 332 ideology, 17-18,164,167,189-191, 205, 209, 213,

497, 498

nation-state, 19-20

IFAB (International Football Association

Board), 236

IG Farben, 435

illegal immigrants, 22 illegitimacy, 62, 71, 80, 88, 104 illicit drug trafficking, 448, 449, 453, 455,

461

illicit opium, 454

Illinois, 106

IMF (International Monetary Fund), 318, 325,

393, 500, 510, 511

immigrant groups, 71, 78 immigrants, 12,18, 21, 26, 36, 37, 52, 71,

121-122

illegal, 22

indentured, 120-121

immigration, 16, 36, 70-71,129,167, 494, 497;

see also migration

free, 121

indentured, 121

states, 17, 22

imperial authority, 162-163

Imperial Cricket Conference, 235 imperial expansion, 4, 5, 143 imperial rule, 185, 309 imperialism, 58, 65-66, 70-73, 164,170, 176,

300-301

European, 301, 369

Japanese, 327

New, 300

and religion, 170-175

Russian, 124

imported natural rubber, 435

imports, 19,124,126,143,338, 432, 440, 448-449,

452

opium, 13, 448, 452

of slaves, 125

in-migrants, 12,15, 17

temporary, 17

in-migration, 17, 23-25

continuous, 10

sequentialized, 20 inception, 212, 231-232 inclusion, 228, 237, 239, 377 indenture, 8, 17,121 indentured contracts, 120, 122-123 indentured immigrants, 120-121 indentured immigration, 121 indentured labour, 113, 120-121 indentured servants, 120-121, 285 indentured workers, 13-14, 427 independence, 20, 21, 280-281, 283, 287-288, 290, 292-296, 308, 309 independent states, emergence of, 6, 303 India, 91-92,105-108, 124-125, 161-163,171-173, 250, 405-407, 448-449, 507

Bombay, see Mumbai.

British, 13, 20, 51, 91, 124

Calcutta, 43, 47, 52-55, 146, 266, 401 Madras, 51

Rajasthan, 163

Indian Ocean, 113, 117-118 Indian Ocean - Southeast Asian - South China migration system, 13-14 Indian women, 91, 106

Indians, 121,122,125, 251, 279, 281, 289, 291-292,

295 indigenous cultures, 260, 492 Indochina, 172,300,317,327,354,361,369, 429-430

French, 13

Indonesia, 20, 23, 244-245, 317, 327, 430, 437-439, 442, 448

Jakarta, 40, 45, 55

nationalist politics and rubber plantations, 439

Indonesian Chinese, 23, 439 industrial arts, 154 industrial capitalism, 229, 490 industrial cities, 35, 45, 89 industrial civilization, 191,193, 195, 197, 199-200, 201-202 industrial era, 37, 423, 432 industrial growth, ιι, 52, 338, 494 industrial modernization, 13, 304 industrial powers, 434, 511 industrial revolution, 59, 66-70, 139-140,146, 189, 191, 195

second, 409, 450 industrial sectors, 471, 473 industrial societies, 77, 140 industrial technologies, 73, 339

industrialization, 42, 45, 66-67, 68, 69-70, 97, 190-191, 192, 195

of scientific research, 197-198

of transportation and communication, 404-409

industrialized countries, 450, 457-460 industries, 189-193, 202, 419-420, 423, 434,

436-437, 441, 483, 487

auto, 437, 468, 475, 477-478, 483, 487

extractive, 15, 97, 494 textile, 42, 184,189, 282 industry and science, 190-195 inequalities, 23, 49-50, 52 information, 4, 23, 27, 38, 104-105, 402-403,

419-420, 492, 494 information, personal, 420 information age, 211, 499, 502-503 information technologies, 50, 507 informational economy, 50 Infosys, 507 inland, 431-433

innovations, 197, 199, 339, 405, 408, 413-414, 417, 419, 423

organizational, 409

stylistic, 261

technological, 404, 481 institutions

bourgeois, 140

financial, 393, 420, 497

religious, 168-169 instrumental music, 207-208 integration, 27, 121, 192, 328, 339-340, 499, 501, 504, 509

cultural, 175

economic, 329, 510

horizontal, 461

vertical, 472, 474 intellectual history of science, 190, 194 intellectuals, 23, 24, 161, 173, 227, 350, 352 Intelsat IV, 417

Inter-Allied Games, 246 inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), 329

interactions, sexual, 89-90 intercontinental ballistic missiles, 368 internal combustion engine, 42, 48, 410-412,

467

International Civil Aviation Organization, 462, 500

International Council of Scientific Unions

(ICSU), 201

international drug control regime, 452, 454 international economy, 229, 323, 325-326, 436, 497

International Football Association Board

(IFAB), 236

international markets, 122, 124, 212, 424, 430-431, 510

international marriages, 496

International Monetary Fund, see IMF.

International Olympic Committee, see IOC. international order, 302, 318, 323, 325, 335, 341,

342

liberal, 305, 342

international organization of science, 194 international organizations, 130, 226, 232, 236, 511

international relations, 170, 194, 234, 328, 336, 345

international scientific congresses, 194 international sport federations/ organizations, 232-233, 235, 239, 240 international sport system, 225, 227, 245 international trade, see trade.

International Women's Day, 26 internationalism, 194, 232, 302-307, 310,

497-499

Internet, 40, 109, 178-179, 195, 396, 418, 419-421, 503, 506

inventions, 16, 74, 99, 191-192, 196, 409, 412, 494, 499

inventors, 48, 210, 404-405, 407, 409-410, 412 investment, 22-23, 24, 25, 48-49, 483, 486, 491, 492-493, 497 capital, 28, 475 foreign, 494, 507-508, 510-511

IOC (International Olympic Committee), 225, 227, 232-234, 237-239, 241, 242-245 Iran, 170, 220, 333, 356, 379

cinema, 265, 266

Koker, 266-267

revolution, 169, 177, 379, 383

Iraq, 40, 308, 357, 360, 365-366, 369, 501 Ireland, 10, 69, 166, 169, 236, 276, 309, 510 Irish music, 219

iron curtain, 28, 326, 352-354, 373, 460 Isfahan, 41

Islam, 61, 71-72, 80, 161, 163-164, 169-170, 172, 173-174, 177-178 polygamy in, 60 Shi'a, 163, 166, 170

Sunni, 163, 166

Wahhabi, 61

Islamic societies, 10, 112

Islamic world, 164,186

Ismaila, 362

isolation, rural, 479, 480

Israel, 169, 334, 347, 358-361, 364-366, 367, 460

Ben Gurion, 358, 363

Istanbul, 22, 41, 126, 143, 407

Italian neo-realism, 257, 265-266

Italy, 95-96, 300, 302, 304-305, 307, 309-312, 316-318, 493, 497

Central, 41

Iturbide, Agustin de, 293

Jackson, Michael, 220

Jacobs, Sammie and Gertie, 145

Jakarta, 40, 45, 55

Jamaica, 119, 121, 212

James I (of England), 446

James II (of England), 277

Japan, 13-16, 40-41, 69-70, 98, 311-312, 316-318, 416-418, 474-475, 501-502

army, 143, 312

Confucianism, 61

consumer economy, 437

Edo, 41, 53-54

empire, 143

governments, 310, 406

Hiroshima, 43, 258-259, 329 imperialism, 327

Kyoto, 53

Meiji Era, 13

music, 79, 219

Osaka, 53-54, 415

postwar, 473, 479

Shinkansen, 415

Tokyo, 40-42, 50, 53-54, 234, 241, 314, 315, 415, 418

Toyota, 474-475, 477, 502

Java, 164, 426, 436

Javanese music, 209

Jesuits, 160-162, 187

jet engines, 414, 500

Jewish Germans, 264, 481

Jewish sports, 238

Jewish Turner Society, 238

Jews, 15-16, 18, 19, 238, 240, 257, 264, 311, 314-315; see also Israel

Jia Zhangke, 267-268

JiangJeshi, see Chiang Kai-shek.

Jiangsu, 139

Jigoro, Kano, 242

Jockey Club, 230

Jones, Charles Lloyd, 149

Jones, David, 149

Jordan, 360, 369

Jourdain, Frantz, 151

Judaism, 85, 169

judo, 242

Junta Central, 291

Junta General, 274

Junta Suprema Central Gubernativa del Reino,

291

just-in-time assembly, 475

Juterczenka, Sunne, 200

Kabuki performers, 264

Karachi, 55

Kelly, Grace, 486

Kennan, George, 501

Kennedy, John F., 330

Kenya, 11, 24, 73, 127-128, 231, 369

Kenyatta

Jomo, 73

Kertbeny, Karl-Maria, 99

Kew Gardens, 425, 426, 447

Keynesianism, 505

Khmer Rouge, 44

kholopy, 113-114

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 379, 392, 395

Khrushchev, Nikita, 332-334, 335, 340, 348-358,

360-365, 367-368, 373

Kiarostami, Abbas, 266

Kinsey, Little, 103

Kinsey Report, 102-103

Kinski, Klaus, 263

Kitwe, 145

KMT, 328

knowledge, 34, 174, 181, 185, 188, 191, 195, 196,

200

Koker Trilogy, 266

kongsis, 174-175

Konoye, Fumimaro, 311

Korea, 143-145, 164, 199, 235, 241, 264, 327-329, 343, 479

South, 21, 328, 502, 506

Korean War, 328-330, 354, 439, 497, 502

Korean Wedding Chest, 264

Kremlin, 330, 350-351, 356

Krugman, Paul, 510

Kuhn, Thomas S., 190, 194

Kunst and Albers, 143

Kuomintang, 328

Kyoto, 53

La Paz, 45

labor, 12-13, 62, 67, 75, 118-119, 122-125,

128-129, 500, 511

labor (cont.)

camps, 19

child, 58, 59-60, 67, 70-71, 77, 78-79 emotional, 29-30

forced, 19-20,120,129-130, 291, 315

free, 120,127

indentured, 113,120-121

markets, 10, 29-30, 122,126, 494 obligatory, 128-129 services, 114-115

supply, 123

Lagos, 38, 55, 72 land, 10, 12, 45,118-119, 280-281, 417, 426,

433-434, 438

agricultural, 278, 282, 288

landlords, 114-115, 356

Landotphia, 431

landscape, 266

Lang, Fritz, 252

Langlois, Henri, 257

Langong kongsi, 175 languages, 12,17,163,165,166, 212, 215-216, 273,

281

Lant, Antonio, 254-255

Laos, 164, 370

Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 197

Last Temptation of Christ, The, 216-217

latex, 423-425, 428-429, 431

Latin America, 5-6, 42-43, 61-62,105,162-163,

356, 393-395, 495-496, 497

sports, 242

Latin American Games, 243

Le Moko, Pepe, 255-256

leaders, 321-322, 330, 332, 338, 340-342, 354, 356, 388, 390

nationalist, 73, 169, 370

political, 3, 319, 483, 490, 493, 498

religious, 110, 446

League of Nations, 18, 301, 308-309, 453, 498 Lebanon, 26, 35, 308, 369 legitimation, 163, 164, 168

Lehman Brothers, 510

Leipzig, 386

Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 300, 323, 350

Leninist Extinction, 387

Leopold, King of the Belgians, 431 lesbians, 100, 110

Letter to Siberia, 260

letters, 31, 40, 103, 190, 193, 260-261, 401-403,

407, 413

Levassor, Emile, 467

Levitt, Theodore, 491

Levy, Dominique, 221

LHC (Large Hadron Collider), 197

liberal democracy, 394, 512

liberal international order, 305, 342

liberal nobles, 284 liberalism, 177, 323, 331

market, 505

liberated serfs, 8

Liberia, 432-433, 438, 440-441

Monrovia, 440

Liberian Rubber Corporation, 432

liberties, 8, 274, 276, 279-280, 286, 309, 480, 487 Liege, 44

Lima, 288

limited-access highways, 416

Lindbergh, Charles, 412 listeners, 212, 214, 216, 220 listening, 214, 218-219, 220-221

Lithuania, 116

Little Kinsey, 103

Liu Dalin, 103

living conditions, 4, 424

local authorities, 386

local cultures, 201, 449

local governments, 45, 460

local musicians, 214-215 locales, 27-28, 454, 460 lock hospitals, 96

Locke, John, 276

Lockheed, 500

Loin du Vietnam, 260

London, 38-41, 52-53, 139, 141, 145, 306, 401, 403,

452

Olympic Games, 246

Lord of Heaven, 160-161

Los Angeles, 38, 52-55, 220, 239, 484

Louis XVI (of French), 285

Louisiana, 123, 278, 285-287 lovers, 95, 256, 258

loyalty, 94, 231, 233, 290, 356, 494

Lu Peng, 157

Lumiere brothers, 249-251, 254, 265, 267-268

Luther, Martin, 274, 380

Lynch, David, 251

Lyon, 44, 249-250

Maccabiah Games, first, 238

McDonalds, 79, 202

machines, 150, 218, 249, 411-412, 474, 479

McIntosh, Mary, 99

Mackenthun, Gesa, 200

Macmillan, Harold, 364, 372

McNeill, John, 45

Macy's, 140,154

Madagascar, 119-120, 299, 429

Madras, 51

magazines, 382, 409, 420-421 film, 251, 257, 268

sex,109

Magdalene houses, 95

Magna Carta, 274 magnetism, 190-191,194

Mahfouz, Naguib, 373 mail, 31, 401-403, 406-407 mainstream societies, 456, 459 maintenance, 10, 188, 469-470 maisons de tolerance, 96

Maitreya, 162

Major League Baseball, 233, 236

Malabar Rites Controversy, 162

Malaya, 121, 317, 425-426, 428-429, 437

Malaysia, 199, 438-439, 442

male prostitutes, 95, 100-101

male prostitution, 108 management, 150, 471, 474, 478

quality, 475

Manaus, 42

Manchester, 34, 51

Manchester United, 509

Manchukuo, 143

Manchuria, 14, 312, 327, 454 mandatory vehicle inspections, 482, 485 Mandela, Nelson, 357, 380, 392

Manila, 55, 278

manufactured goods, 42,115, 117

manufactures, 35,38,123, 446, 450, 453, 471-472, 476

manufacturing, 40, 44,51,121, 411, 469, 471, 474 auto, 470, 476, 478, 487

textile, 42

manumission, 112, 125-126

Mao Zedong, 76,157,328,332,340,351,354-356,

357

maps, 308, 430

Marconi, Guglielmo, 192, 410 marginalized groups, 237 marihuana smoking, 459 Marker, Chris, 257, 260-261

Marker's film, 260-261

market liberalism, 505 market towns, 38, 41-42, 43

markets, 12-13, 37-38, 41, 138, 147, 156-158,

423-424, 478-479, 509

American, 434, 440

black, 306, 482

bond, 509

capital, 505, 510 capitalist, 206, 208 Common, 347, 372, 504 foreign, 475, 494 free, 122, 322, 330-331, 379, 428, 492 internal, 125, 287 international, 122, 124, 212, 424, 430-431, 510 labor, 10, 29-30, 122, 126, 494 mass, 417, 446, 470, 476, 478 world, 338, 425, 431, 438, 483, 500

Marley, Bob, 212 marriages, 30, 63, 65, 68-69, 73, 85-89, 92, 103-104, 106; see also sexual behaviour and attitudes arranged, 78, 80 companionate, 87, 89 international, 496

married women, 67, 70, 104-105 Marryat, Captain Frederick, 404 Marshall Field and Co., 141 Marshall Plan, 326, 372, 501 Marx, Karl, 184, 323, 331, 332, 336 Marxism, 355, 357

Marxism-Leninism, 321-322, 323, 332, 498 Marylebone Cricket Club, 230, 235 mass consumption, 140, 417, 472 mass culture, 147, 233 mass flight, 23, 24 mass markets, 417, 446, 470, 476, 478 mass media, 233, 235, 381, 408 mass migration, 10, 106 mass motorization, 470, 472, 478-479, 482, 484, 486 mass politics, 284-285, 302 mass production, 472-473, 475, 477, 487 flexible, 475, 477

mass rape, 110 massacres, 176, 257, 377, 379, 387, 395 massive anti-Soviet demonstrations, 350 masters, 118-120, 125, 188, 281, 350 material abundance, 331-332 material conditions, 265 materialism, aggressive, 176 mathematization, 191-192, 194 Mauritius, 13, 120-122 Maxwell, James Clerk, 192 Maybach, Wilhelm, 467 Mayer/Corbis, Francis G., 64 Mecca, 41, 164, 174 mechanization, 124, 189, 471-473 Medan, 426, 427-428 media, 154, 251, 394-395, 419, 506, 508 mass, 233, 235, 381, 408 medicinal qualities, 446 medicines, 86, 187-188, 347, 453, 457, 463 scientific, 196, 199 traditional, 458, 463 megalopolises, 52-56, 264, 416 Meiji Era, 13 Meitner, Lise, 196 Melies, George, 250-251 memories, 205, 258, 384, 394-395 merchants, 15, 43, 50, 72, 139, 143, 150, 445, 448 Merrill Lynch, 510 mestizos, 289-290, 292, 295 metropoles, western, 205, 212, 214-215 Mexico, 20, 22-23, 241-243, 293-294, 476, 483,

484, 494, 497 Mexico City, 55, 416, 484-485 Michelin brothers, 429, 438, 441 Michigan, 470, 477 Michnik, Adam, 384 microwave towers, 417-418 middle-class families, 67 middle-class women, 88, 96 middle classes, 88, 94, 238, 285, 508 Middle East, 41, 59, 60, 308, 339-340, 347, 352, 358-366, 373-374 Midway (battle), 316 Mievielle, Anne-Marie, 261 migrant workers, 16, 20, 22, 26-27,152, 267 migrants, 3-4, 5, 8-9,12,14-16,18-20, 21-22,

24, 25-27 earlier, 27, 29 passenger, 13-14 migration, 3-31, 494 1770s to 1830s, 5-6 1880s-1950s, 17-27 Atlantic Migration System, 10-13, 21 exclusion regulations, 16-17 forced, 4-6, 8,18, 19-20, 74 free, 8, 491 global, 30

Indian Ocean-Southeast Asian-South

China migration system, 13-14 internal migrations and hemispheric migration systems from 1830s to 1930s, 6-10

international, 179

issues in early 21st century, 27-31 major migration systems, 7 mass, 10, 106 nationalism

assimilation

and population transfers, 17-27 North China-Manchuria, 4, 6-8, 14 regional, 28

Russian-Siberian system, 4, 6, 15-16 self-decided, 14, 21, 27

systems, 3, 7,13, 15, 23 transpacific, 26-27 millennium, 476, 485, 511

Miller

Michael, 148

Toby, 253

Milliat, Alice, 239

mines, 128, 494

Minnelli, Vincent, 153

minorities, 17-19, 50,106,166, 292, 455 ethnic, 129, 240, 308, 481

missiles, 322, 414 intercontinental ballistic, 368 nuclear, 330, 341

missionaries, 72, 89,171-172, 227, 445, 491, 494,

496

Mississippi, 11, 29, 405 mistresses, 90-91, 256

Mitsukoshi, 143

mixed government, 273

MLB, see Major League Baseball. mobile phones, 418, 420-421, 507 mobility, 4, 6, 8, 36, 54, 88, 114 mobilization, 8, 162, 304, 309, 338, 395, 457 modern science, 182-184, 198, 299, 459 modernity, 155, 164,171, 175, 183-184, 198, 254,

331, 334

modernization, 48, 127, 165, 258, 260, 319, 331,

490

economic, 165, 302, 318

industrial, 13, 304

Mollet government, 358, 361-364, 372

Monaco, 239

monarchies, 81, 277-278, 283, 285, 292, 293

British, 277, 279-280 monastic classes, 164 Mongolia, 164, 263-264, 314 Monier-Willams, Monier, 172 monopolies, 138, 340, 426, 448

opium, 451, 457

Monrovia, 440

Montgolfier brothers, 412

Morocco, 51, 369

Morris, William, 150

Morse system, 407

Moscow, 15, 52-55, 332-334, 350-351, 353-357, 363-366, 368, 498, 501

Mossadegh, Mohammad, 370 mothers, 58, 68, 70, 72, 75, 196 motion pictures, see cinema.

motorcars, 418, 420, 468, 479-480, 482, 486 motorization, mass, 470, 472, 478-479, 482, 484, 486

movement years, 380-383, 387, 389, 390, 394 movies, see cinema.

Mozambique, 119-120, 501

Mughal empire, 41, 163, 402

Muir and Mirrielees, 141, 148

multinational corporations, 199, 201, 476, 487,

508, 510-511

Mumbai, 38, 43, 53-55, 250

Mumford, Lewis, 54 mummies, 254-255 Munich, 51 municipalities, 291-292

Muscular Christianity, 228

music, 138, 147, 205-221, 251, 354, 410, 413, 418-421, 504

and aesthetics, 206-208

classical, 214, 218-219

commodification of, 205, 210-211, 213 composers, 205-206, 208-211, 213-214 consumption of, 205, 218 and copyright, 206, 208 industries, 38, 212, 219-220 instrumental, 207-208

Irish, 219

Japanese, 79, 219

Javanese, 209

movement, 206, 220 movement of, 206, 220 and nationalisms/colonialisms, 208-211 new, 213, 217

nonwestern, 208-209, 214

printing, 206, 210 production

distribution

and consumption in globalized neoliberal capitalism, 211-214 reggae, 212-213, 219 samples, 217-218 sampling and consumption, 217-219 ska, 212

songs, 60, 209-210, 240, 259, 389 traditional, 216

videos, 507

world, 212-214, 216-217, 218-219

world music today, 219-220

musicians, 206, 208, 211, 212-215, 217-220, 498 local, 214-215

rock, 213-214

western, 208, 213, 215

Muslim countries, 30, 78,107

Muslims, 22,108,164,167,170,172,174,178, 274

Mussolini, Benito, 310-311, 312-314, 317, 483

Myanmar, see Burma.

Mystere des voix bulgares, Le, 216, 218

Naficy, Hamid, 253

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area), 476, 506, 511

Nagib, Lucia, 265

Nagy, Imre, 333-334, 351-352

Nairobi, 45, 145

Nanak, Guru, 163

Nanjing Road, 98, 152

Naples, 53

Napoleonic Code, 101

Napoleonic Wars, 403 narco-states/regimes, 461-462 narcotics, 456-457, 460

Narramore, James, 153 narrative cinema, 250, 251, 254, 267

Nasser, Gamel Abdel, 130, 358-363, 364-366,

370

nation-state ideology, 19-20 nation-states, 16,18, 20, 167, 170, 178,185, 188,

199

modern, 19,164, 166, 168, 226 national aspirations, 302-303 National Association of Base Ball Players, 232, 233

national games, 231, 495

national governments, 78, 234, 451, 459,

461-462

national Olympic Committees, 232, 235, 244 national product, 313

national products campaigns, 146, 148 national rivalries, 246, 299-301 national sovereignty, 130, 511 nationalism, 17-18, 145, 147, 164-165, 166-167,

169-170, 174, 301, 303

radical, 310-311

religious, see religious nationalism. secular, 167-169

nationalist leaders, 73, 169, 370 nationalist movements, 229, 357 nationalized religion, 166-167 nations, 17, 18-19, 166-167, 169, 199, 296,

416-417, 482-483, 498

new, 18, 280-281, 288, 296

protestant, 167

Native Americans, 61, 89, 92, 446

NATO, 327, 353, 363-366, 368-369, 371, 374 natural children, 500

natural environment, 54

natural philosophy, 181, 188-189, 193, 200 natural resources, 213, 338, 431

natural rubber, 423, 435-437, 440-442

imported, 435

tons of, 437

natural rubber industry, 441

natural rubber production, 436-437

natural rubber supplies, 435-436, 440 natural sciences, 189-190 natural world, 195, 200 naturalism, 266

nature, 169,171-172,176,187-188,191,198, 274,

279-280, 286

state of, 276 navigable rivers, 289, 406 Nazi Germany, 129, 434, 499 Nazis, 129, 257, 262 neighborhoods, 56, 259, 409, 509 neo-realism, 260, 265-266

Italian, 257, 265-266

neoclassicism, 228 neoliberal reforms, 394-395

Neoprene, 435

Nepal, 45, 49,108

Netherlands, 41, 44,154, 165,167,168, 275-276, 454, 457

Netherlands Indies, 174 network society, 178, 211 networks, 40, 58, 119, 402-403, 408-409, 415,

418, 420, 425

neutral United States, 306

Nevers, 258

New Deal, 325, 504 new digital technologies, 211, 217 New England, 10,16, 42 new family ideals, 68, 71 New Granada, 288, 292, 294 New Hampshire, 278, 500

New Jersey, 435

New Spain, 280, 288-289, 292-294

new states, 130, 308

new towns, 44, 45, 97

New Wave, French, 257, 261, 262, 264

New York, 38, 40, 50, 52-55, 140, 141, 151,

154-155,156

New York Times, 216, 386, 393

New Zealand, 18, 37, 42, 141, 245, 369 newspapers, 386, 403, 408-409, 421 Newton, Isaac, 185-187, 188-191, 194 Ng, Vivien, 92 Ngo Dinh Diem, 333, 370

NGOs (non-governmental organizations), 78,

79, 337

Nicaragua, 337, 340, 393, 501

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 345

Nigeria, 49, 107, 128, 172, 213 night-letters, 413

Nintendo Corporation, 509

Nissan, 475, 477

Nixon, Richard, 332, 334-336, 340 Nkrumah, Kwame, 155

Nobel Peace Prize, 379, 392 nobility, 206, 274, 282-283 nobles, 188, 273, 282-283, 284

liberal, 284

Nollywood, 38 non-capitalist development, 356, 360 non-narcotic stimulants, 460 non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 78, 79, 337

non-Western musics, 208-209, 214 Noriega, Manuel Antonio, 393 Normandy, 316

North Africa, 8, 22, 45

North America; see also Canada; United

States, 6, 37

North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), 476, 506, 511

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, see NATO.

North China, 14, 40, 143, 312

North China-Manchuria migrations, 4,

6-8, 14

North Vietnam, 370 Norway, 106, 108, 456 notation, 205-206 nuclear arms race, 331 nuclear bombs, see nuclear weapons. nuclear danger, 367-368 nuclear missiles, 330, 341 nuclear threats, 352, 365, 367 nuclear war, 330, 341, 353 nuclear weapons, 196, 199, 318, 328-331, 350, 363, 367-368

objectification, 205-206, 210-211, 213, 219 obligatory labour, 128-129 occupation zones, 327

Oceania, 84, 162

Oersted, Hans Christian, 192 Ohno, Taiichi, 474

oil, 25, 28, 42, 314, 316, 366, 423,

434-435, 441

crises, 339, 441, 475

as factor in international affairs, 366-367 prices

crude, 441

spills, 382, 391

supply, 178, 365

wealth, 20, 338

oil-producing economies, 20, 25

Olcott, Colonel, 173

Olympia, 228

Olympic Games, 225-228, 232, 234-236, 237,

238-242, 244-246, 495

ancient, 226

Antwerp, 233

Greek, 228

Intercalary, 227

Jewish, 238

London, 246

national Olympic Committees, 232, 235, 244

system, 234-235, 240, 242, 244-245

Tokyo, 245

Women's Olympics, 239

open-door capitalism, 512

Operation Michael, 307

Operation Musketeer, 361, 364

opium, 447-449, 451, 455, 456, 461

illicit, 454

imports, 13, 448, 452

monopolies, 451, 457 wars, 13, 97-98, 301, 449

optical telegraphs, 404

organizational innovations, 409

Orientalism, 143, 170, 174, 185, 254-256, 261

Orientalist gestures, 255-256

Orosdi-Back, 142-143

orthodoxy, 160-161

Catholic, 87

Osaka, 53-54, 415

Ottinger, Ulrike, 263-264

Ottoman Empire, 5, 18, 19, 66, 112-113, 126, 163, 301, 407

Tanzimat reform, 66

Young Turk Revolution, 302

outdoor locations, 266

outsourcing, 474-475

overseas Chinese, 199, 508

owners, 121, 149, 158, 410, 419, 472, 478-479, 482 estate, 114, 116

ownership, 115, 430, 470, 480-481, 483

Pacific, 25, 300, 306, 316, 318, 324, 430, 434, 495

Pacific Islands, 121, 122, 296, 494

Pacific Rim, 77, 498

paintings, 137, 147-148, 151, 156, 207 American folk art, 64

Hoosier, 148-149

Pakistan, 29, 40, 166, 169, 199, 369, 487

Palach, Jan, 384

Palestine, 25, 238, 307-308, 364, 369

Palit, Ranjan, 269

Pan Am, 498, 500

Pan-American Games, 243

Panama Canal, 427, 495

Pancha Shila, 354

Panislamism, 174

Papua New Guinea, 45

Paraguay, 243, 393

Pareles, Jon, 216

parental control, 67, 88

parents, 59, 65, 68, 70, 73, 75-76, 87, 88, 352 older, 70, 81

Paris, 37-40, 52-53, 95-97, 138-140, 153-155, 249-250, 254, 256-257, 371-372

Eiffel Tower, 268, 377

Exhibition, 155

Grand Cafe, 249-250

Motor Show, 467

Pont-Neuf, 99

Parliament, 276-277, 279, 361

Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 269 passenger migrants, 13-14

passengers, 401, 403, 406-407, 412, 414-415, 478, 498, 502-503

passion, sexual, 88

Pasternak, Boris, 373

patients, 450, 453

patriotism, 242, 389

patronage system, 206-207

peace, 244, 316-317, 325, 329, 404, 497, 498 peaceful coexistence, 348, 353, 368 peaceful cohabitation, 392

Pearl Harbor, 434

peasant revolution, 284

peasants, 114-116, 127, 129, 157, 282, 284, 512 private, 115

Peking, see Beijing.

Penang, 439

Pennsylvania, 42, 410

Penzias, Arno, 200

People's Republic of China, see China.

Pepe Le Moko, 255-256

Peres, Shimon, 361

perfect market capitalism, 492

Perkin, William, 192

Persian Gulf, 126, 340 personal information, 420

Peru, 263, 288, 294

petits blancs, 122, 286 petroleum, see oil.

Peugeot, Armand, 467

Pharaonic Egypt, 255

pharmaceutical companies, 450, 453, 457, 458 Philadelphia, 44, 279

Philippines, 15, 21, 29, 242, 260, 288, 296, 327,

341

Phiri, Ray, 215 phonograph, 210, 413 photographs, 213, 254, 261, 264, 383 physical education, 227, 245 physical risks, 486 physical sciences, 191-192, 194 physicists, 194-195,196 Picasso, Pablo, 210 Pinochet, Augosto, 393 pipelines, 366-367 piston engines, 414

Pittsburgh, 410

Plantation Belt, 8, 17

global, 5-6, 28 plantations, 119, 121, 127-128, 426-427, 429-430,

439, 440-441, 442, 494

rubber, 430, 432, 433, 472, 497 planters, 90, 118-119, 123, 128, 285-286 plate glass, 152-153 player piano, 210

Poland, 308-309, 313, 317, 333, 337-338, 350,

355-356, 385, 395

Austrian, 303

police, 104, 106, 256, 279, 386, 454-455 policymakers, 24, 492, 498 political change, 318, 392 political cleansing, 314 political cosmology, 160-161 political cultures, 273 political diversity, 326 political elites, 18, 476 political leaders, 3, 319, 483, 490, 493, 498 political power, 38-41, 162-163, 285, 286, 323,

379

political revolutions, 273, 285, 287, 294, 404 political rights, 21, 286, 291, 481 political stability, 129, 338, 439 political systems, 292-293, 296, 301 political theology, 167 political theorists, 274-275

politics, 121, 125, 161, 165, 166, 264, 267, 403, 409 domestic, 311, 504-505

mass, 284-285, 302

pollution, air, 416, 484-485 polygamy, 60-61, 72, 90, 94, 106

in Islam, 60

Pomeranz, Kenneth, 42

Pontecorvo, Gilles, 260

Popes, 160-162, 337, 379, 496, 512 popular musics, 212-215, 217, 491 population, world, 10, 34, 36, 66, 245, 370, 463,

509

population growth, 10, 42, 43, 56, 76, 84, 105, 282, 290

populations, 23, 24, 43-45, 49, 102, 116-117, 156, 288-289, 317

lost, 44

world's, 10, 66, 245, 370, 463, 509 pornographic material, 109 Portland cement, 48

ports, 34, 38, 41-43, 279, 404, 406, 433, 495 Portugal, 21, 89, 118, 187, 300, 341, 430, 493 post-1919 settlement, 302

post-Fordist factories, 477

post offices, 403

Postcolonial Studies, 185, 200, 201 postwar history, 344, 381

potency, 192, 450, 451

poverty, 8, 45, 49-50, 104

power, 40, 323, 332-334, 342-343, 387, 392-394, 455, 490-491, 511-512

balance of, 335, 449

economic, 324, 350, 494

great, 74, 324-325, 495 steam, 405

power struggles, 5, 164

powerful nation, 325, 345

practices

constitutional, 294

frequent, 491

Prague, 379, 383-384, 389, 395

Prague Spring, 334, 384

PRC, see China. precondition, 80, 305 prediction, 150, 323, 420-421 preeminence, 281, 294, 324-325 pregnancies, unwanted, 105, 106 preoccupation, 262 president, 154-155, 176, 188, 231, 253, 342, 353, 361, 364

pressures, 36, 59-60, 68, 80, 116, 125, 126, 306, 366

increasing, 124, 161, 300, 487 prices, 48, 51, 367, 411, 418, 424, 429, 470, 473 primate cities, 40 primordial identity, 165

Primus Apostolus, 162

Prince William Sound, 391

printing, 150, 206

private citizens, 403, 408, 494

private couriers, 407 private peasants, 115 private schools, 228, 238 producers, 44, 474, 502 production, 8-10, 205, 220-221, 427-428, 429-431, 436-440, 442, 469-470, 473-474

of culture, 44, 219

global, 436-437, 441, 442

processes, 12, 475

systems, 427, 429, 471 productivity, 286, 428, 472, 474, 478, 487, 503 agricultural, 41 products

agricultural, 278, 289 cultural, 138, 251, 499 national, 313 primary, 430-432 proto-industrial, 115-116 professional sports, 107, 233 professionals, 227, 234, 237, 289, 479 profits, 116, 201, 445, 447-448, 454, 461-462, 492-494, 504, 509

property, 8, 50, 114, 122, 276, 284, 427, 493 prosecutions, 128

prostitutes, 65, 88, 92-98, 107-108, 456

male, 95, 100-101 prostitution, 16, 84, 86, 94-99,108-109; see also brothels

male, 108

Russia, 97

United States, 97 protection, 41, 61-62, 72, 78, 105, 109, 234, 325, 331

Protestantism, 63, 86, 163, 166-167, 171, 275, 277 protesters, 383, 385-387, 395

year of the, 382 protests, 26, 80, 245, 259, 279, 383-384, 385-386, 389, 511

massive, 385, 387

popular, 395, 511 proto-industrial products, 115-116 provinces, 139, 291-292, 294, 458 provincial deputations, 293-294 Prussia, 16, 20, 116, 482 psychoactive substances, 444-450, 453, 456, 458, 463-464 psychotropic substances, 458 public-health costs, 469, 484 public schools, 228, 409 Puebla, 476 Puerto Rico, 296 punishments, criminal, 123-124, 126 purification, 163, 171 pursuit, 156, 193, 318, 322, 330-331, 335, 459 pushing, 75, 339, 391 pyramids, 254

Al-Qaeda, 178

Qatar, 21

Qing, 43, 92, 161, 164, 449, 454

Qingdao, 143 quality management, 475

Quito, 288

race, 16, 18, 51, 84, 92, 167, 254, 256, 286 hierarchies, 13, 16, 20

racial discrimination, 481 racial equality, 371 racial groups, see ethnic groups. racialized cliches, 8 radar, 316, 414, 499 radial tires, 441 radical religious nationalism, 169 radio, 109, 192, 210, 234, 259, 417

shortwave, 410

waves, 192, 410

Radio Free Europe, 348

radios

transistor, 417, 502 Raffles, Stamford, 51 Raghavan, Sriram, 269 rail networks, 6, 406-407 railways, 10, 42, 51, 406, 408, 412, 414, 433,

493-495

rain forests, 288, 429, 431

Rajasthan, 163 Rangoon, 43 rape, 89-90, 93, 106

homosexual, 100

mass, 110

Rashomon, 258 raw materials, 42, 214, 300, 432, 472, 497 Ray, Man, 153

Ray, Satyajit, 153, 215, 266 reading rooms, 147-148 Reagan, Ronald, 337, 340-341, 505-506 realism, 250, 265-267

social, 250 rebirth, 169 recessions, 266, 339 record shops, 212-213 recordings, 205, 210-212, 213-217, 220, 249 Red Army, 309, 310, 315, 326, 333-334 reductions, 58, 67-68, 73, 78, 299 reforms, 115, 119, 290, 315, 323, 341, 342, 389, 395

neoliberal, 394-395 refugee camps, 74 refugees, 3, 5-6, 18-20, 22, 24-25, 352, 500 reggae, 212-213, 219 regional games, 242 regionalization, 503-504 relationships, 37, 38,101,103, 106, 138, 140, 156-158, 209

same-sex, 100, 107

social, 64, 93, 221 relay stations, 38, 402 religion, 17-18, 72, 74, 84, 86, 160-179

global, 177-179

and imperialism, 170-175

in modern nation-state, 164-166 modern spirituality, 175-177 nationalizing, 166-167

sacrality of traditional state, 160-164 science of, 172, 174

and secular nationalism, 167-169 separation of state and church, 167-168 world, 170-171, 172-173, 177 religious authorities, 50, 164 religious communities, 80, 167 religious institutions, 168-169 religious leaders, 110, 446 religious movements, 168-169, 178 religious nationalism, 169-170, 173

radical, 169

religious traditions, 66, 169, 177 Renault, 477 representative democracy, 322, 330 representative government, 273-275, 284, 290, 291-292, 296-297

repression, 124, 292, 341, 347, 371, 373 Republic of China, 241, 245 research institutions, 192-193 residents, 12, 17, 18, 20, 23, 34, 35, 44, 52 Resnais, Alain, 257-258, 260 resources, natural, 213, 338, 431 retailers, 148, 151-153, 212, 447, 511 Reuters, 408 revenues, 234, 407, 447, 454-455, 459, 468

illicit, 461

revolts, 275, 277, 281, 283, 353, 369 revolutionaries, 74, 275, 351, 353, 357, 406, 418 revolutionary movements, 310 revolutions; see also individual revolutions, 4-5,

284-285, 302, 323-324, 332, 376-377, 401, 407, 418-419 Reynolds, Nancy, 144-145 Rhythmatism, 214 rhythms, 215, 266

Riefenstahl, Leni, 228

rights, 21, 45, 78, 119-120, 123, 274, 275-276, 277, 279-280

civil, 92, 108, 481 equal, 23, 52, 106-107, 357 human, 78, 325, 337-338, 384, 460, 496 lesser, 18-19, 21 political, 21, 286, 291, 481 unequal, 120

Rio de Janeiro, 55

Rio de la Plata, 288, 292, 294

Ripstein, Arturo, 251

risks, 28-29, 321, 331, 353, 354-355, 448, 454, 476, 484

addiction, 453 environmental, 487 physical, 486

rivers, 47, 263, 266, 405 flooding, 29, 266 navigable, 289, 406

roads, 34, 403, 412, 419, 433, 467, 469, 480-484, 486-488

Robespierre, Maximilien, 285 rock musicians, 213-214

Rockefeller, John D., 496 Romania, 342, 350, 379, 388 Rome, 234, 265, 273, 372

Roosevelt, Franklin, 317, 325, 435 Rosellini, Roberto, 265 Royal Air Force, 306 royal authorities, 292-294 Royal Navy, 314

Rozier, Jacques, 259 rubber, 314, 423-442, 483, 494

Amazonia, 424-425 crude, 428-429, 440 economy, 423, 436, 438-439, 441 exports, 431, 441

Firestone

Harvey, 432-433, 435, 440-441

Goodyear

Charles, 423, 427-428, 438-439 groves, 426, 438, 440 HAPM/Hoppum, 427-428 Indonesia, 439

Landolphia, 431 latex, 423-425, 428-429, 431 Liberia, 432-433, 438, 440-441

Liberian Rubber Corporation, 432 Michelin brothers, 429, 438, 441 Neoprene, 435

plantations, 430, 432, 433, 472, 497 production, 426, 430, 434, 438-439 global, 423, 430, 432, 436 natural, 436-437

Southeast Asia, 425-430

supply of, 434 synthetic, 423, 434-436, 441 trees, 423, 430, 431, 437 tropical Africa, 430-434

wild, 431

Wingfoot Plantation, 428, 439 rugby, 228-230, 232 rulers, 17, 50-51, 94, 164, 273-274, 290, 390

joint, 277

rural areas, 10, 14, 36-37, 44-45, 49

rural families, 14, 67

rural isolation, 479, 480 rural society, 34, 283-284, 289

Russia, 14-15, 69-70, 74-75, 112-116, 126, 304, 314, 323, 496-497

architecture, 254

Bolshevik Revolution, 301, 338, 373

Civil War, 129, 324

elites, 114

empire, 42, 306

folk music, 209

Moscow, 15, 52-55, 332-334, 350-351, 353-357, 363-366, 368, 498, 501

prostitution, 97

Tsarist, 5, 13, 16, 18, 315, 447, 456 Russian-Siberian migration system, 4, 6, 15-16 Russians, 113-114, 129, 201, 304, 308, 315, 323, 495 Rwanda, 45, 74

Ryutanji, Yu, 153

Said, Edward, 170, 185

Saint-Domingue, 112, 285-287

St. Louis, 230, 233, 495

Salafi movement, 163

Salamanca, School of, 274

Salim group, 508

Salon Indien, 249, 254 salt, 65, 335

Salvarsan, 104 same-sex attraction, 99 same-sex marriage, 107 same-sex relations, 99-101, 107-108 samples, 217-218

Sanders, Helke, 262, 263

Sanger, Margaret, 104

Sans Soleil, 260-261

Sanskrit, 163, 173

Santiago, 288

Santo Domingo, 288

Sao Paulo, 55, 62

Sarnath, 173

Sassen, Saskia, 40 satellite television, 394, 395 satellites, 195, 339, 350, 373, 378, 417, 434, 508 Saudi Arabia, 21, 27, 61, 130, 163, 308, 366 Saxony, 11

Schafer, R. Murray, 205 Schiff, Jacob, 496 schizophonia, 205, 220 Schlondorff, Volker, 262 scholars, 172, 174-175, 227, 229, 249, 253, 257, 273, 495

School of Salamanca, 274

School on Wheels, 79 schooling, see education. schools, 37, 75, 79, 81, 104, 227, 228, 238, 471 film, 257, 268 private, 228, 238 public, 228, 409

Schrodinger, Erwin, 200 Schutz, Alfred, 221

science, 86, 167, 172, 174-177, 181-202, 493, 499,

502

applied, 189, 191-193, 196-197 Baconian, 190, 194

Big, 197

c. 1750, 186-190

contemporary, 187, 188 enterprise of, 187-188, 198, 201-202 history of, 176, 181, 182 and industry, 190-195 intellectual history of, 190, 194 international language of, 193, 201 international organization of, 194 modern, 182-184, 198, 299, 459 natural, 189-190 physical, 191-192, 194 of religion, 172, 174 small-scale, 198 universalist claims, 185 vernacular, 186

Western, 161, 182, 185, 187, 198-199 world, 182, 199, 202 and world history, 181-186 world science and industrial civilization today, 195-202 science-based technologies, 191, 195, 199, 201 scientific inquiry, 187,190 scientific medicine, 196, 199 scientific progress, 172, 176 scientific research, 190,196,197-199, 200, 457 industrialization of, 197-198

Scientific Revolution, 182-183,186, 189

Second, 194

scientific traditions, 182

Western, 182, 186

scientists, 193-194, 199, 202, 321, 409, 414

Scorsese, Martin, 216

Scotland; see also United Kingdom, 89, 236, 238, 276-277, 447

Scott, Ridley, 252

SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative), 341

search engines, 420

SEATO (South East Asian Treaty

Organization), 328

second industrial revolution, 409-414, 450 second serfdom, 113,116

secular nationalism, 167

secular societies, 168, 175, 202

secularism, 165, 172, 175-176

secularity, 167-168, 172

relative, 168

secularization, 165, 168,172, 176-177, 229 segregation, 17, 50-52, 88

economic, 501

residential, 20

social, 50, 51

urban, 51-52

self-control, 89, 464

self-decided migrations, 14, 21, 27 self-determination, 170, 275, 308-309, 325, 497 self-government, 274, 290, 309

Selfridge, Harry Gordon, 141

Selfridge's, 141-142

Senegal, 128-129, 220, 487

separation of state and church, 167-168 sequentialized in-migration, 20

Serbia, 299, 303-304

serfdom, 8, 13, 88, 113-116,126

abolition, 88, 113-116, 126 second, 113, 116

serfs, 112-114,126

liberated, 8

servants, 50,120,123-125, 274

indentured, 120-121, 285

services, 25, 27, 37-38, 48, 50, 56, 97, 221, 492 sexual, 98-99, 108

social, 44, 352

Seven Years' War, 278, 280, 283, 285, 290

sex, 30, 65, 84, 86-90, 92-94, 99-105,108-109, 240, 480

acts of, 85,100,101-102

education, 89, 104, 110 sold, 94-95 workers, 94, 98

sex magazines, 109 sex tourism, 108-109 sex work, 28, 108 sexology, 102 sexual behaviour and attitudes, 70, 84-110 homosexuality, see homosexuality. prostitution, see prostitution. sex and marriage

East Asia, 92-94

Europe, 86-89

sexual relations in European colonies and empires, 89-92

twentieth century, 102-109

sexual enslavement, 110 sexual equality, 84,102,109 sexual freedom, 88

sexual identities, 85, 95

sexual passion, 88

sexual revolution, 65, 70, 106 sexual services, 98-99, 108 sexual violence, 110 sexuality, 65, 84-86, 92-93, 99,102, 109 shadows, 252, 372

Shamien, 142

Shandong, 14

Shanghai, 27, 53-56, 97-98, 140-142, 145, 148, 151-152, 264, 453

Nanjing Road, 98, 152 shanty towns, 45, 50, 56 sharecropping, 123 shareholders, 231

Shenbao, 145

Shi'a Islam, 163, 166, 170

Shinkansen, 415 shipbuilders, 405-406 shipping companies, 16, 410, 495

ships, 263, 314, 404, 406, 410, 413, 414-415, 503 container, 416, 503

war bride, 500

Shohat, Ella, 254, 255, 265 shopping, 139-140, 148 shops, 37, 138-139, 152, 212-213 short films, 249-250, 254, 259

Shorter, Edward, 88 shortwave radio, 410

Shute, Nevil, 321, 322

Siam, see Thailand.

Siberia, 5, 8, 122, 260, 263, 310, 318, 495 southern, 15, 23

Sicily, 316

Siegelbaum, Lewis, 482

Sierra Leone, 128

Sikhs, 15, 163

Simon, David, 269

Simon, Paul, 213, 214-215

simultaneous telephone conversations, 417 Sinai, 362, 365

Singapore, 21, 23, 25, 47, 51, 438, 439, 506, 508 single women, 16, 97

Sinhala Buddhists, 173

Sino-Soviet alliance, 328

Sino-Soviet relations, 334, 354

Sino-Soviet split, 334, 347, 357

ska, 212

Skinner, Quentin, 275

slave trade, 5-6, 61,116-118, 119,125-127 transatlantic, 113,116-118

slavery, 6-8, 13, 60-61, 90, 93, 113,116-123, 126-128,130

abolition, 113, 118, 120-121,122-123,126-127 Africa and Ottoman Empire, 126-129 global impact of American abolition, 124-126

United States, 123-124

chattel, 113,119

debt, 113

disguised forms, 119-120

resurgence and persistence in twentieth century, 129-131

urban, 125

slaves, 6, 12, 90, 109,112, 117-118,123, 124-127, 286-287

African, 117, 121, 285

former, 119, 122, 123, 128, 287

imports of, 125

Sloan, Alfred, 472

Slovakia, 303 smallholders, 438 smart phones, 420

Smith, Adam, 207

smog, 484-485

smoking, 446, 448, 451, 456, 459

marihuana, 459

tobacco, 446, 448, 458

Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan, 174

Snow, John, 47

Sobolev, M.N., 148

soccer, 228-230, 233-238, 242, 491, 495

clubs, 236

sociability, 64, 226, 238

social classes, 50-51,115

social constructionists, 85, 99

social constructions, 85, 99

social discrimination, 162

social diversity, 289

social dynamics, 113

social equality, 52, 338

social groups, 71,114, 219, 280-281, 283

social pyramid, 285-286

social realism, 250

social relations, 4, 284

social relationships, 64, 93, 221

social scientists, 469

social segregation, 50, 51

social services, 44, 352

social systems, 35, 332, 354

Socialist sport model, 240-241

societies, 30-31, 58, 77-78, 164, 168-169, 181-182, 198-199, 444-445, 469-470 African, 59, 80, 172 of departure, 3

German Turner, 230, 232, 238, 239

Islamic, 10, 112

Jewish Turner, 238

Liberian, 440-441 mainstream, 456, 459 network, 178, 211 rural, 34, 283-284, 289 secular, 168, 175, 202 urban, 35, 150, 154

socio-economic dynamics, 478

Solidarity, 59, 228, 337-338, 342, 379, 383, 385, 388, 395

Somalia, 336

Sommer, Matthew, 93

sonatas, 207

songs, 60, 209-210, 240, 259, 389

Sony Walkman, 220

Soochow, 53

sounds, 45, 205, 207-211, 216-218, 220, 258, 266, 268, 414

South Africa, 11, 16, 42, 212-213, 214-215, 242, 245, 357, 392-393

South America, 6-8, 12, 45, 92, 187, 243, 292, 294, 494

upland, 458, 461

South Asia, 15, 23, 79, 91-92,178, 217, 300, 460

South China Migration System, 13

Southeast Asia, 8, 13, 23, 327, 331, 434, 436-439, 455, 459-461

rubber, 425-430

South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO), 328

South Korea, 21, 328, 502, 506

South Vietnam, 333, 335

Southern China, 13, 174

southern Siberia, 15, 23

sovereignty, 130,164,170, 273, 275, 277, 291,303,

492

national, 130, 511

popular, 274-275

territorial, 162, 166

Soviet-American confrontation, 340, 342-344; see also Cold War

Soviet bloc, 348-350, 360, 368, 376, 384, 501

Soviet leaders, 129,330-331,333,335,341,350,367

Soviet resistance, 315

Soviet Union, 314-318, 323-324, 327-330, 331-333, 335-337, 338-342, 347-350, 351-356, 360-364

spaces, 17, 20, 37-38, 40, 146, 148, 250, 252-253, 267

urban, 50-51

Spain, 87, 89, 117, 118, 276-278, 280, 281, 285, 290-292; see also New Spain

Felipe II, 275

Political Constitution, 291

Spalding Athletic Goods, 233

Spanish America, 125, 288-289, 292-293, 294-296

independence, 287-297

Spanish Civil War, 74

Spanish monarchy, 275, 277-278, 290-293, 294-296

former, 296-297

specialists, 129, 196, 450 speculators, 424 speeches, 311, 480

Spielberg, Steven, 251 spiritualism, 176-177 spirituality, 20, 171, 175-177

emergence, 175, 177

universal, 173, 177

sponsorships, corporate, 233, 235 sport system, 246

global, 227, 237-238, 245-246 international, 225, 227, 245

sports, 225-246, 249, 508-509

Africa, 243-244

associations, 233, 237, 246

bourgeois, 233

British, 228-229, 238

classicism to athleticism, 226-228

clubs, 230, 233, 240

and decolonization, 244-245

East Asia, 242

German gymnastics vs. British sports, 228-229

global sport system, 227, 230-231, 237-238, 245-246 globalization, 235-237 growth of associational life, 230-232 growth of mass culture along with global capitalism, 233-235

international sport federations/ organizations, 232-233, 235, 239, 240

IOC (International Olympic Committee), 225, 227, 232-234, 237-239, 241, 242-245 Jewish, 238

Latin America, 242 marginalized groups and replication of sport associations, 237-240

multiple, 232

Olympic, see Olympic Games. professional, 107, 233 ritual to record, 229-230 rugby, see rugby.

soccer, see soccer.

Socialist model, 240-241 women's, 238-239 worker, 237, 239-240 world history of, 225-235

Spotify, 219, 221 Sputnik, 368, 417 Sri Lanka, 23, 164, 173 St. Petersburg, 15 stability, 123, 329-330, 452, 499 family, 13, 80 political, 129, 338, 439

Stalin

Joseph, 315, 324-327, 328, 332-333, 342, 348, 350, 353-356, 472

Khrushchev's denunciation, 352, 355 Stam, Robert, 254, 255, 265 standardization, 206, 472, 483 standards, 27, 35, 42, 49, 65, 71, 72, 115, 395 starvation, 23, 283, 315, 316-317 state capacities, 448, 454, 462 state control, 5, 23, 74, 454, 482 state of nature, 276 state religion, 162, 164 state violence, 342, 388 statelessness, 19, 238 steam engines, 42, 48, 189, 404, 467 steam power, 405 steamships, 6, 404-406 Steimatsky, Noa, 265-266 Stevenson Plan, 427-428 Stewart, Alexander Turney, 149, 151 stimulants, 451, 453, 456-458

non-narcotic, 460 stock markets, 459, 507 Stockton Massacre, 392

Stone, Lawrence, 88, 90

Stonewall riots, 106

Strait of Tiran, 361, 364

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 341 strategic materials, 432, 434 strategic weaponry, 329-330

Stravinsky, Igor, 209

Stroessner, Alfredo, 393

Stuchtey, Benedikt, 183

styles, 145, 154, 212, 253, 255, 257, 261-262, 264,

265-266

Anglo-American, 490, 491

filmmaking, 257, 260, 264

German expressionist, 252

stylistic innovations, 261

sub-Saharan Africa, 6-8, 23-24, 34, 48, 60, 107,

145, 172, 231

substances, 445, 450, 459, 463-464

addicting, 451, 457, 459, 460 coca-based, 451

controlled, 453, 455, 459, 463 psychoactive, 444-450, 453, 456, 458, 463-464

psychotropic, 458

Sudan, 49,108, 231, 369

Suez, 313, 334, 347, 358-364, 366, 369-372, 374,

495

crisis, 232, 347, 353, 358-366, 369, 371-372, 382

impact, 366-373

Sufi shrines, 164

sugar, 63, 116-117, 122-124, 446, 447, 451, 483,

497

Suharto, General, 174, 439

Sullivan, James, 230

Sumatra, 426-428, 436, 439, 497

Sun Yat Sen, 302

Sunni Islam, 163, 166

Suny, Ronald, 376

superiority, civilizational, 161-162, 231 superpowers, 327-329, 333-334, 336, 342-343,

361-363, 366, 367-368, 373, 501-502 supervision, 303, 350, 471, 473, 505

costs, 123

supplies, 316, 423, 428, 429, 435, 439, 451-453, 455, 461

supply control, 457, 460

supply of rubber, 434

supporters, 276, 293, 492

Surabaya, 43

Surinam, 121

Sweden, 30, 106, 108

Switzerland, 63, 87, 228, 234, 410, 505

Syberberg, Hans-Jurgen, 262

Sydney, 51, 141-142, 149

synthetic rubber, 423, 434-436, 441

synthetic tires, 435

Syria, 307-308, 365-366, 369

Szreter, Simon, 88

Tablighi Jama'at, 178

Tagore, 176

Tahiti, 190

Tahmik, Kidlat, 253

Taiwan, 143, 178, 199, 241, 244-245, 327-328, 496, 502, 506

Takahashi, Muroyama, 154

Tanganyika, 306

tanks, 192, 358, 376, 383, 387-388, 410 Tannenberg, 305

Tanzania, 127, 431

Tanzimat reforms, 66

Tavernier, Bertrand, 250

taxes, 8, 10, 21,128, 274-275, 276, 279, 447, 454 Taylor, Charles, 440

Taylorization, 12

tea, 63, 279, 445-446, 447, 451 technologies, 47, 182-184, 189-191, 195-199, 214-215, 339-340, 417-419, 492-493, 494-496

communication, 418, 421

industrial, 73, 339

information, 50, 507

new, 48, 59, 74, 191, 210-211, 339, 417, 421, 496 science-based, 191, 195, 199, 201 Technoscience, 198

Teitz brothers, 141 telegraph, 40, 192, 408-409, 503

electric, 403, 407

optical, 404 telephone cables, 417, 503 telephones, 40, 59, 192, 330, 409, 410, 417, 420 television, 27, 109, 192, 234, 417, 480, 504

satellite, 394, 395

Telotte, J.P., 252

temporalities, 258 temporary in-migrants, 17 tennis, 230, 238 territorial sovereignty, 162, 166 terror, 284-285, 440

war on, 381

textile industry, 42, 184, 189, 282

Thailand, 28-29, 121, 164, 300, 438, 442

Bangkok, 56, 416

Thatcher, Margaret, 218 theaters, 37-38, 260, 336 theme parks, 267-268

theology

Christian, 177

comparative, 172

political, 167

Theosophy, 173, 177

Third Cinema, 253, 265

third estate, 282-284

Third World, 43, 330, 334-335, 336-337, 343-344, 369-370, 373

Thomas, Rosie, 155

Thomson, John, 139-140

Thorez, Maurice, 356

Thurn und Taxis family, 401

Tiananmen Square, 377, 379

Tibet, 164

Time Magazine, 382, 391

Tin Lizzie, 480

Tiran, Strait of, 361, 364

tires, 424, 437, 441-442

airplane, 435

automobile, 432, 435, 437, 442 radial, 441 synthetic, 435

Tito, Josip Broz, 327, 348, 350-351

Tjapanangka, Tjumpo, 157

tobacco, 430, 445-447, 451, 458-459, 462, 497 consumption, 459, 462 smoking, 446, 448, 458 usage, 262, 457, 459

use, 445, 458-459

Tokyo, 40-42, 50, 53-54, 234, 241, 314, 315, 415, 418

total world population, 34, 36

Toussaint Louverture, Pierre-Dominique, 287 towns, 34-37, 40-41, 42-45, 47-48, 50, 56, 274, 289, 292; see also urbanization

Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs), 508

Toyota, 474-475, 477, 502 track and field, 237 tracking shots, 257-258 trade, 37, 41, 42, 115-116, 125-126, 340, 447-449,

490-491, 504

drug, 446, 451

free, 123, 325, 491, 493, 497, 505

open, 310, 312

routes, 170, 300, 431

trade unions, 240

trademarks, 234

traditions, 72, 77, 80, 163, 169, 170-171, 177, 251, 256

cultural, 251

family, 59, 72, 74, 78

religious, 66, 169, 177

scientific, 182

Trafalgar, 404 traffic, 416, 419-420, 447, 454, 482, 486 trains, 38, 233, 263, 407, 415-416, 418-419, 481 high-speed, 410, 415, 419 transatlantic slave trade, 113, 116-118 Trans Siberian Railway, 15 transborder flows, 493 transformations, 116, 121, 126, 184, 227, 284, 287, 336, 425-426 transistor radios, 417, 502 transition, demographic, 68, 70, 77, 81 transnational corporations, see multinational corporations.

transoceanic routes, 6, 414 transpacific migrations, 26-27 transportation, 38, 44, 401-421, 501-502 transsexuality, 103 treaties, 278, 280, 307, 308-309, 453, 457, 460, 462, 463

Treaty of Lausanne, 308 Treaty of Sevres, 308 trees, 207, 423-424, 426-427, 428, 439

new, 428 rubber, 423, 430, 431, 437 tropical, 423, 432

Trobriand Islands, 235 Trollope, Anthony, 137 tropical Africa, rubber, 430-434 tropical Asia, 425, 436, 437 tropical trees, 423, 432 tropical world, 423, 434, 437 trucks, 411-412, 415, 468, 484 Truffaut, Francois, 257, 265 Truman, Harry, 324-326, 331, 365 Trumbach, Randolph, 94 truth, 85, 169, 171, 312 Tsai Ming-liang, 264, 269 Tsarist Russia, 5, 13, 16, 18, 315, 447, 456 Tunisia, 369, 371

Turkey, 18, 25, 106, 126-127, 143, 303, 306, 307-309, 314

Istanbul, 22, 41, 126, 143, 407

Turner clubs, 235, 236-237

TVEs (Township and Village Enterprises),

508

Twin Towers, 381

Twitter, 508 Tzu Chi, 178

Uganda, 107 Ukraine, 15, 19, 307, 315, 317, 351

Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, 102

unchurching, 165

Under Snow, 264

underground pipes, 47-48

unemployment, 17, 68, 339

UNESCO (United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization), 200, 245

Union des Societes Franςaises de Sports Athletiques (USFSA), 232

United Kingdom, 120, 216-218, 277-278, 281, 290, 291, 403-404, 405, 491; see also Britain; England;

Scotland

United Nations, 36, 55, 56, 78, 333, 341, 353, 361-364, 369-371

United Nations Educational

Scientific and Cultural Organization, see UNESCO.

United States, 122-125, 280-282, 323-331, 333-337, 360-364, 365-369, 475-478, 491-494, 504-507 abolition of slavery, 123-124 global impact, 124-126

Congress, 123, 313, 326, 403, 432, 435 neutral, 306

New Deal, 325, 504

prostitution, 97

United States Rubber Company, 427 universal providers, 141-142, 144 universalist claims of science, 185 universities, 25, 175, 192, 202, 227, 230, 290

American, 498

European, 186

Germany, 192-193, 227

urban areas, 317, 369, 468, 484

urban bourgeoisie, 157, 284

urban conditions, 68, 81

urban death rates, 47

urban development, 4, 41, 151

urban families, 76

urban giants, 52-55

urban groups, 114, 116, 289

urban growth, 23, 36, 41-42, 44-48, 53, 54 urban populations, 35-36, 45, 47, 49, 56, 97 urban segregation, 51-52

urban slavery, 125

urban societies, 35, 150, 154

urban spaces, 50-51

urbanization, 34-56, 58, 80

cities as systems, 37-40 coping with urban growth, 45-48 definitions and proportions, 35-37

inequalities in cities, 49-52

megalopolises, 52-56, 264, 416 regional differences, 40-45 urbanized areas, 54 urbanized countries, 40, 49 urbanized regions, 34, 41, 54 Urdu, 163

Uruguay, 234, 243

use-value, 207, 210

USFSA (Union des Societes Franςaises de

Sports Athletiques), 232

USSR, see Soviet Union.

Vagabond Era, A, 153

Varda, Agnes, 257-258

Vazquez de Menchaca, Fernando, 275

Velvet Revolution, 379, 384, 389

venereal disease, 89, 96-97, 103-104

Venezuela, 288, 292, 294, 393

Caracas, 288, 394

vernacular sciences, 186

Versailles Conference, 308, 311

vertical integration, 472, 474

Vertigo, 261

Vertov, Dziga, 261, 268 veterans, 310, 358-360, 384

disabled, 18

embittered, 310

Vicarius Christi, 162

viceroyalties, 288

Victorianism, 65

video, 109, 262, 420-421 videos

music, 507

Vienna, 95, 218, 303

Vienna Congress, 5, 10

Viet Minh, 430

Vietnam, 23, 164, 220, 260, 333-334, 337, 343,

369-370, 430

Ngo Dinh Diem, 333, 370

North, 370

South, 333, 335

War, 260, 334-335, 415, 502, 503

villages, 10, 34-35, 50, 72, 77, 80, 258, 268 global, 503-504

Villalar, 274

Vincendeau, Ginette, 256

vines, 423, 431

violence, 74, 279, 286, 317, 319, 329, 337, 386, 392 anti-gay, 107 sexual, 110

state, 342, 388

virginity, 65, 86, 87

Visconti, Luchino, 266

Vittorio Veneto, 307

Vladivostok, 143, 501

Voice of America, 348

Volkswagen, 475-476, 479

Volta, Alessandro, 191

von Krafft-Ebing, Richard, 102

Wagner, Richard, 208 al-Wahhab, Muhammed ibn Abd, 61, 163

Wahhabi Islam, 61

Wales, 236

Waliullah, Shah, 163

Walkman, Sony, 220

Wallace, Alfred Russell, 176

Wallerstein, Immanuel, 116, 184 walls, 98, 137,168,196, 379

city, 35, 50

Wang Nangming, 157

war bride ships, 500

war on terror, 381

Warhol, Andy, 153

Warlayirti Art Centre, 156 wars, see names of individual wars.

Warsaw, 43, 309, 350, 385, 388

Warsaw Pact, 327, 350-351, 368 wartime ceremonial, 310

Washington Consensus, 393, 505, 510 new, 506

water, 47, 214, 289 waterworks, 47-48

Watson, James, 200

Watson, Thomas J., 499

Watt, James, 404-405

Watteau, Antoine, 139

wealth, 42, 49, 139,199, 234, 282, 286, 419 oil, 20, 338

wealthy countries, 28, 109, 219, 410, 463 wealthy families, 88, 228

weapons, 110, 329, 355, 358, 368, 370 chemical, 192

nuclear, 196, 199, 318, 328-331, 350, 363, 367-368

Web, World Wide, 376, 379, 418 welfare state, 59, 325, 357

Wenders, Wim, 262

West Africa, 20, 90, 344, 429, 431

West Berlin, 263, 327, 334

West Germany, 246, 371-372, 476-477, 486

West Indies, 116, 118, 279, 285-286

Western Alliance, 306, 316, 327, 328, 435

Western capitalism, 116, 225

Western Europe, 41-42, 44-45, 47, 59-60,

65-66, 88, 273, 366-367, 372-373

Western metropoles, 205, 212, 214-215

Western musicians, 208, 213, 215

Western science, 161, 182, 185, 187, 198-199

Western scientific tradition, 182, 186

Wheatstone, Charles, 407

Whewell, William, 193

Whitaker, Jan, 149

Whiteaway Laidlaw, 145,152

Whiteley, William, 140, 141

Whitman, Walt, 101, 177

widows, 61, 68, 73, 78, 93

wild rubber, 431

Williams, Alan, 256

Williams, Raymond, 146-147

Willis, Sharon, 258

Wilson, Robert, 200

Wilson, Woodrow, 306, 308, 497 window dressers, 152-153 windows, display, 152-154, 156 Wingfoot Plantation, 428, 439 wives, 61-62, 65, 66-67, 71-72, 75, 78, 91, 93-94 Wollen, Peter, 254

women, 6-10, 28-30, 61-63, 72-75, 77-81,

84-87, 89-100, 102-106, 238-240 Chinese, 16, 155

Egyptian, 73

European, 263-264

Indian, 91, 106

married, 67, 70, 104-105

middle-class, 88, 96

Nepalese, 108

Women's Olympics, 239

women's sports, 238-239

Wong Kar-wai, 253

worker sports, 237, 239-240 workers, 19-20, 22-23, 121,123-124,

249, 267-268, 283-284, 471,

477-478

excluded, 239-240

indentured, 13-14, 427

migrant, 16, 20, 22, 26-27, 152, 267 sex, 94, 98

workforce, 128, 470-471, 477, 502 working class, 67, 104, 169 working conditions, 13, 27, 28

World Bank, 29, 318, 393, 462, 500

world championships, 232, 236, 237

world cinema, see cinema.

world economy, 36, 52, 309, 312, 339-341,

491-493, 498-499, 502, 510

World Health Organization (WHO), 78, 462,

463, 486-487

world history, 58, 59, 62, 81, 181-183,185, 198, 202, 225

and science, 181-186

world markets, 338, 425, 431, 438, 483,

500

world music, 212-214, 216-217, 218-219

world order, 191, 318, 329

liberal, 326, 330

new, 297, 376

world population, 10, 34, 36, 66, 245, 370, 463,

509

world religions, 170-171, 172-173, 177

world science, 182, 199, 202

world systems theory, 184, 253 World Trade Organization, see WTO. world urbanization, see urbanization.

World War 1,113, 115, 127, 129, 176, 323,

329, 497

and failure of internationalism, 302-307

World War II, 74,104, 237, 240, 244-245,

313-319, 324-325, 457, 497, 499-500

and synthetic rubber, 434-437

World Wars; see also World War I; World

War II, 18, 36, 43, 103, 237, 246, 299, 314, 318

World Wide Web; see also Internet, 376, 379,

418

worldwide distribution, 253, 486

Wright brothers, 412

WTO (World Trade Organization), 476, 501, 506, 511

Xiamen, 174

Yang, Edward, 264

Yangzhou, 137

Yangzi, 10, 41, 43

Ye Qianyu, 152

year of the protester, 382

Yemen, 460

YMCA, 238, 242-243

Yokohama, 38

Yokohama Athletic Club, 231

Yom Kippur War, 503

young couples, 87, 103

Young Turk Revolution, 302

YouTube, 219

Yugoslavia, 308, 348

Tito, 327, 348, 350-351

Yunnan, 14

Yvan, Melchior, 153

zamindars, 13

Zanzibar, 120, 128

Zeppelins, 412

Zhang Fengrong, 230

Zheng Banqiao, 137, 138, 158

Zhili, 14

Zimbabwe, 243

Zola, Emile, 149

1^{1 * 3} Csaba Bekes, “New findings on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution,” Cold War International

History Project, cwihp.si.edu; Mark Kramer, “The Soviet Union and the 1956 crisis in Hungary and Poland: reassessments and new findings,” Journal of Contemporary History

33/2 (1998), 210.

1 ⁴ Russia's Sputnik Generation, ed. and trans. Donald J. Raleigh (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2006), pp. 1-23.

1 ⁵ TonyJudt, Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 (London: Heinemann, 2005), p. 322; Georges Soutou, La guerre de cinquante ans: Le conflit Est-ouest, 1943-1990 (Paris: Fayard, 2001), p. 335.

1^{1 * * * * 6} Charles Gati, Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

(Washington, dc: Woodrow Wilson Press/Stanford University Press, 2006), pp. 69-112

and passim.

1 ⁷ Jeno Gyorkei and Miklos Horvath, eds., 1956: Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary

(Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999), p. 114.

1 ⁸ Gerhard Wetting, Bereitschaft zu Einheit in Freiheit? Die sowjetische Deutschland-Politik

1945-1955 (Munich: Olzog, 1999).