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Restrictions

In most European nations, the central government controlled the practice of medicine and the availabil­ity of dangerous drugs through legislation. In addi­tion, by the mid-nineteenth century, European phy­sicians and pharmacists had organized themselves on a national level.

By contrast, in the United States the federal government relegated to the indi­vidual states control over the health professions, and the professions themselves were poorly orga­nized nationally. No laws controlled the sale of, contents of, or claims for “patent medicines,” and there were few local laws restricting the availabil­ity of opium, morphine, and, later, cocaine. The result was a thriving and open market in these substances until late in the century, when some states began to enact laws preventing the acquisi­tion of opiates and cocaine except with a physician’s prescription. The U.S. Constitution grants the regu­lation of commerce among the states to the federal government, so no state law could affect the sale of drugs or products across state lines. The conse­quence was a higher per capita consumption of opium and opiates in the United States than in other Western nations and even, a government offi­cial claimed in 1910, more than the legendary con­sumption of opium in China.

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Source: Kiple Kenneth F. (Editor). The Cambridge World History of Human Disease. Cambridge University Press,1993. — 1200 p.. 1993

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