Bibliography and further reading

Chapter One: Portraits

EGERIA THE PILGRIM– Egeria’s Travels by John Wilkinson (trs) (Aris & Phillips, 2006). For Roman women in general, Women in Roman Britain by Lindsay Allason-Jones (Council for British Archaeology, 2004) is the definitive, and very readable work.

THE SPITALFIELDS SARCOPHAGUS – See Julian Richards’s 2012 article in History Extra at: http://www.historyextra.com/period/roman/how-we-solved-the-mystery-of-the-roman-princess; and a 2015 article in Spitalfields Life at: http://spitalfieldslife.com/2015/07/28/the-spitalfields-roman-woman. For the Fayum portraits it’s best to go and see them where they are on display, when you get the chance. The only accessible book is Paul Roberts’s Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt (British Museum Press, 2008).

HANDMAIDS OF GOD – Christianity in Roman Britain to AD 500 by Charles Thomas (Batsford, 1981); the quote from Tertullian is from The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Volume IV – Fathers of the Third Century by Reverend Alexander Roberts (ed) (T&T Clark, 1885).

HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA – Original quotes are from Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II Volume II by Reverend Alexander Roberts (ed) (T&T Clark, 1890). For a more general appreciation, read ‘Hypatia and her mathematics’ by Michael Deakin in The American Mathematical Monthly, March 1994, Vol. 101, 3: 234–243. And see Hypatia’s Heritage by Margaret Alic (Beacon Press, 1986).

ST BRIGIT OF KILDARE – St Brigid of Kildare: Life, Legend, Cult by Noel Kissane (Open air 2017); Cogitosus’s ‘Life of St Brigit: Content and Value’ by Sean Connolly and J. M. Picard, Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 117 (1987), pp. 5–27; and ‘Vita Prima Sanctae Brigitae: Background and Historical Value’ by Sean Connolly, Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 119 (1989), pp. 5–49; The History and Topography of Ireland by Giraldus Cambrensis, chapters 34 and 35, describe Kildare and its folklore.

HESTIA, GODDESS OF THE HEARTH – Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection catalogue online at: http://museum.doaks.org/OBJ27440.htm; Orphic hymn 83 translated by Thomas Taylor at: http://www.theoi.com/Text/OrphicHymns2.html#83

THE QUIET WOMAN – The main secondary source is Lives of the Cambro British saints, of the fifth and immediate succeeding centuries, from ancient Welsh & Latin mss. in the British Museum and elsewhere by William J. Rees (1853).

Chapter Two: Legacies

EMPEROR WU ZHAO – Wu Zhao: China’s Only Woman Emperor by N. Harry Rothschild and Peter N. Stearns (Library of World Biographies, Pearson, 2007). See also under St ?thelthryth for seventh-century Anglo-Saxon women.

The WEAVERS OF WEST STOW – Cloth and Clothing in Early Anglo-Saxon England 450–700, by Penelope Walton Rogers (CBA Research Report, 2006); and listen to Martin Carver’s ‘Three Alpha Females’: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01nb0sw. There is a fascinating article on the reconstruction of the Pakenham loom by Steven Plunkett in the Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History, Vol. 39, Part 3, 1999.

LA SEÑORA DE CAO – Art of the Andes from Chavin to Inca by Rebecca R. Stone (Thames and Hudson, 2012); and much online material.

CAIN ADAMNAIN – Cain Adamnain: An Old-Irish Treatise on the Law of Adamnan, by Kuno Meyer (Clarendon Press, 1905); and there are several references in Lisa M. Bitel’s brilliant Land of Women (Cornell University Press, 1996). See also Lisa M. Bitel, ‘“Do Not Marry the Fat Short One”: The Early Irish Wisdom on Women’ in the Journal of Women’s History, Vol. 6, Number 4 / Vol. 7, Number 1, Winter/Spring 1995, pp. 137–159.

ST ?THELTHRYTH – Bede is the fundamental source. His Ecclesiastical History of the English People is widely published. I have used the excellent Oxford World Classics edition by Bertram Colgrave, 1969.

THE TRUMPINGTON BED BURIAL – see Dr Sam Lucy: ‘The Trumpington Bed Burial in its Wider Context’ at http://caguk.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/The-Trumpington-Bed-Burial-in-its-Wider-Context.pdf.

Chapter Three: Testaments

MEDIEVAL WOMEN (GENERAL) – Medieval Women: A social history of women in England 450–1500 by Henrietta Leyser (Phoenix, 1995).

WYNFL?D’S WILL – ‘Wynfl?d’s wardrobe’ by Gale R. Owen in Anglo-Saxon England Vol. 8, 1979, pp. 195–222. And listen to Michael Wood’s appreciation in the Anglo-Saxon Portraits radio series: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rr95k

THE WOMEN FROM THE OSEBERG SHIP BURIAL – See The Viking Ship Finds: The Oseberg, Gokstad, and Tune Ships by Anders Hagen (Universitetets Oldsaksamling, 1968); and the University of Oslo’s website on the Oseberg women: http://www.khm.uio.no/english/visit-us/viking-ship-museum/exhibitions/oseberg/3-osebergwomen.html. For the tapestries and other textiles, see another article called ‘The Textiles among the Oseberg finds’, accessed from the same page.

?THELFL?D – It is well worth listening to Martin Carver’s portrait in the BBC radio archive of Anglo-Saxon Portraits: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01pzrhp. An appreciation of her career and impact can also be found in my ?lfred’s Britain: War and Peace in the Viking Age (Head of Zeus, 2017). The best individual appreciation of ?thelfl?d is F. W. Wainwright’s ‘?thelfl?d: Lady of the Mercians’, in the posthumous collection Scandinavian England (Phillimore, 1975), pp. 305–324.

OF AL-ANDALUS AND GANDERSHEIM – The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain by Maria Rosa Menocal (Little, Brown and Co, 2003). Listen to Kamila Shamsie’s radio documentary at http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03vd5xt. ‘Librarians, rebels, property owners, slaves: Women in al-Andalus’ by Kamila Shamsie, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 2016, 52:2, pages 178–188; for Hrotsvitha: Medieval Literature in Translation by Charles W.

DHUODA – Dhuoda: Handbook for her Warrior Son: Liber manualis by Marcelle Thiebaux (ed.) (Cambridge Medieval Classics, 2008).

ANNA COMNENA – Quotes are from The Alexiad by Anna Comnena translated by Elizabeth Dawes (Masterworks Classics, 2015). There is more biographical information in the translation by E. R. A. Sewter (Penguin Classics, 1979). A commentary on ‘Anna Comnena, the Alexiad and the First Crusade’ by John France can be found in Reading Medieval Studies, Vol. 10, 1984, pp. 20–38.

Chapter Four: Chosen paths

GUDRID THORBJARNARDOTTIR – The Far Traveller: Voyages of a Viking Woman by Nancy Marie Brown (Harcourt, 2007); The Vinland Sagas by Keneva Kunz (trs) (Penguin Classics, 1997).

VIKING WOMEN (GENERAL) Women in the Viking Age by Judith Jesch (Boydell Press, 2005).

SEERESSES AND CUNNING-WOMEN (GENERAL) – Superstition and Popular Medicine in Anglo-Saxon England by D. G. Scragg (ed.) (Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies, University of Manchester, 1989); Land of Women referred to above; The Poetic Edda by Carolyne Larrington (trs) (Oxford World’s Classics, 2014). ‘An Anglo-Saxon “cunning woman” from Bidford-on-Avon’ by Tania Dickinson in Martin Carver’s volume In Search of Cult: Archaeological Investigations in honour of P. A. Rahtz (Boydell Press, 1993). And Martin Carver’s own portrait of her (and Gudrid’s seeress) is worth a listen in his ‘Three Alpha Females’: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01nb0sw

TROTA, THE MEDIC OF SALERNO – The Trotula: An English Translation of the Medieval Compendium of Women’s Medicine by Monica Green (ed./trs) (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001).

A MOCHICA STIRRUP VESSEL – Art of the Andes from Chavin to Inca by Rebecca R. Stone (Thames and Hudson, 2012); and much online material.

PEACE-WEAVERS, WAR-SPINNERS – There are very many editions of Beowulf, the most popular of which are the Penguin Classics edition translated by Michael Alexander and the more poetic reading by Seamus Heaney (Faber & Faber, 1982).

A VIKING FEMALE WARRIOR’S GRAVE – ‘A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics’ by C. Hedenstierna-Jonson, A. Kjellstrom, T. Zachrisson, et al., American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 164, Issue 4, 2017, pp. 853–860. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23308 retrieved 12.02.2018. And for Judith Jesch’s response – ‘Let’s Debate Female Viking Warriors Yet Again’, 2017 Norse and Viking ramblings blogspot: http://norseandviking.blogspot.co.uk/2017/09/lets-debate-female-viking-warriors-yet.html retrieved 12.02.2018; ‘The Greenlandic Lay of Atli’ is from the Poetic Edda by Carolyne Larrington (trs) (Oxford World’s Classics, 2014).

Chapter Five: Hard times

CHRISTINA OF MARKYATE – The Life of Christina of Markyate by C. H. Talbot and Samuel Fanous (eds) (Oxford World’s Classics, 2009) (from which the quotes in the text are taken); Medieval Women’s Writing by Diane Watt (Polity Press, 2007); and Women’s Lives in Medieval Europe: A sourcebook by Emily Amt (Routledge, 1993).

OF BAYEUX AND DOMESDAY – ‘Women in Domesday’ by Pauline Stafford, Reading Medieval Studies, Vol. 15, 1989, pp. 75–94; ‘The Lady ?lfgyva in the Bayeux Tapestry’ by J. B. McNulty, Speculum 55, No. 4, 1980, pp. 659–668.

CHAMBRES DE DAMES – WOMEN’S WORKSHOPS – Opera Muliebria: Women and Work in Medieval Europe by David Herlihy (Temple University Press, 1980); and Women’s Lives in Medieval Europe: A sourcebook by Emily Amt (Routledge, 1993); see also Henrietta Leyser’s Medieval Women; ‘Yvain – The knight with the Lion’ by Chretien de Troyes in Arthurian Romances by William W. Kibler (trs) (Penguin Classics, 2004).

HELOÏSE AND ABELARD – The Letters of Abelard and Heloïse by Betty Radice (trs) (Penguin Classics, 2003).

TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS – Select cases from the Coroners’ Rolls A.D.

WOMEN IN VIRTUAL LANDSCAPES – The World of the Luttrell Psalter by Michelle P. Brown (British Library, 2006); and much online material.

Chapter Six: A room of one’s own

BEATRICE DE PLANISOLES – Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village 1294–1324 by Emmanuel le Roy Ladurie (Penguin, 1978); Beatrice’s testimony (and those of other Montaillou women) translated by Nancy P. Stork can be found online at: http://www.sjsu.edu/people/nancy.stork/jacquesfournier. It is also worth reading The Perfect Heresy: The Life and Death of the Cathars by Stephen O’Shea (Profile Books, 2001) for more appreciation of Beatrice.

BEGIN THE BEGUINES – Cities of Ladies: Beguine Communities in the Medieval Low Countries 1200–1565 by Walter Simons (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001); and see Herlihy’s Opera Muliebria.

MARGERY KEMPE – I have used the edition compiled in 1936 by the owner of the manuscript, W. Butler Bowdon, for Oxford University Press; several others are available, and there is a chapter on her writing in Diane Watt’s 2007 Medieval Women’s Writing.

CHRISTINE DE PIZAN – The Book of the City of Ladies by Rosalind Brown-Grant (trs) (Penguin Classics, 1999); and The Order of the Rose: The Life and Ideas of Christine de Pizan by Enid McLeod (Chatto & Windus, 1976); additional excerpts from The Writings of Christine de Pizan by Charity Cannon Willard (ed.) (Persea Books, 1994); and Debating the Roman de la Rose: A critical anthology by Christine McWebb (ed.) (Routledge, 2007).

A TALE OF THREE MARRIAGES – The Paston letters AD 1422–1509 by James Gairdner (ed.) (Chatto & Windus, 1904): this edition is online at https://archive.org/details/pastonletters05gairuoft; A Medieval Family: The Pastons of Fifteenth-Century England by Frances and Joseph Gies (Harper Perennial, 2018); Diane Watt’s 2007 Medieval Women’s Writing contains an insightful chapter on the letters.

Chapter Seven: New worlds

QUEEN NJINGA – ‘Queen Njinga Mbandi Ana de Sousa of Ndongo/Matamba: African leadership, diplomacy and ideology, 1620s–1650s’ by Linda Heywood, in Afro-Latino Voices: narratives from the early Modern Ibero-Atlantic world 1550–1812 by K. J. McKnight and L. Garofalo (eds) (Hackett Publishing, 2009); ‘Legitimacy and political power: Queen Njinga, 1624–1663’ by John Thornton, Journal of African History, Vol. 32, Issue 1, 1991, pp. 25–40.

MALINTZIN – The Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz translated by J. M. Cohen (Penguin Classics, 1963). The story of Doña Marina, as the Spanish called Malintzin, is told largely in a single chapter from page 85 onwards.

ANACAONA – The Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archaeology and Traditional Culture by Nicholas Saunders (ABC-Clio, 2005); Hispaniola: Chiefdoms of the Caribbean in the Early Years of European Contact, by Samuel Wilson (University of Alabama Press, 1990); An account, much abbreviated, of the destruction of the Indies by Bartolome de las Casas by Andrew Hurley (trs) and Franklin W. Knight (ed.) (Hackett Publishing, 2003); De Orbo Novo by Peter Martyr D’Anghiera.

MATRIARCHS OF CHACO CANYON – The Anasazi: Prehistoric People of the Four Corners Region by J. R. Ambler (Museum of Northern Arizona, 1977); ‘Archaeogenomic evidence reveals prehistoric matrilineal dynasty’ by Douglas Kennett et al. 2017, in Nature Communications. Online at: https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14115

ANNE BRADSTREET – ‘In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth’ is online at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43703/in-honour-of-that-high-and-mighty-princess-queen-elizabeth; much online material is available. The standard edition of her writing is Works of Anne Bradstreet by Jeannine Hensley and Adrienne Rich (eds) (John Harvard Library, 2010).

THE WILL OF ANA DE LA CALLE – ‘The making of a free Lucumi household: Ana de la Calle’s will and goods, northern Peruvian coast, 1719’ by Rachel Sarah O’Toole in Afro-Latino Voices: narratives from the early Modern Ibero-Atlantic world 1550–1812 by K. J. McKnight and L. Garofalo (eds) (Hackett Publishing, 2009).

Chapter Eight: The unquiet chorus

THREE FACES OF ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI – Artemisia Gentileschi: The image of the female hero in Italian baroque art by Mary D. Garrard (Princeton University Press, 1989), is the seminal work, huge in scope; see also ‘Costuming Judith in Italian Art of the Sixteenth Century’ by Diane Apostolos-Cappadona in The Sword of Judith: Judith Studies Across the Disciplines by Kevin R. Brine et al. (eds) (Open Book Publishers, 2010). More generally, on women and art, is Whitney Chadwick’s seminal survey of Women, Art and Society (Thames and Hudson World of Art series, 2012).

MALICE DEFEATED: ELIZABETH CELLIER – There is, as yet, no easily accessible treatment of Cellier’s life. Any serious history of the Popish Plot provides the background. The Dictionary of National Biography contains a summary article on her by Helen King; and two scholarly papers are worth reading: ‘A life in writing: Elizabeth Cellier and print culture’ by Penny Richards in Women’s Writing, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2000, pp. 411–425; and ‘Neither single nor alone: Elizabeth Cellier, Catholic Community and transformations of Catholic women’s piety’ by Lisa McClain in Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, Vol. 31, ½, 2012, pp. 33–52. Cellier’s 1680 pamphlet Malice Defeated can be found, after creating a login, as an online facsimile at http://eebo.chadwyck.com.libproxy.ncl.ac.uk/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&ACTION=ByID&ID=V179761

MARY ASTELL’S SERIOUS PROPOSAL – The Celebrated Mary Astell: An Early English Feminist by Ruth Perry (University of Chicago Press, 1986); Astell: Political writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought) by Patricia Springborg (ed.) (Cambridge University Press, 1996).

CELIA FIENNES – Through England on a Side Saddle, published by Lulu in 2016; and the full text can be found online at http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/travellers/Fiennes

WOMEN IN SCIENCE – Hypatia’s Heritage by Margaret Alic (Beacon Press, 1986).

POSTSCRIPT – For the anthropology of the Spitalfields population, see ‘The Spitalfields Project Vol. 2: The Anthropology: The Middling Sort’ by Theya Molleson and Margaret Cox; for the excavations ‘Vol. 1: The Archaeology’ by Jez Reeve and Max Adams. The Prometheans: John Martin and the Generation that Stole the Future was published by Quercus in 2009.