Notes

Chapter One

Tertullian: ‘On the apparel of women’ in The Anti-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 4, p. 21.

Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Vol.

Ibid., Ch. 14, p. 160.

Ibid.

Vita Brigitae, Ch. 9.

Ibid., Ch. 26.

Vita prima sanctae Brigitae, Ch. 42.

Hymn 83, trans. by Thomas Taylor.

Chapter Two

The text of the original survives, but not Wu Zhao’s edition.

Bede, Ecclesiastical History Book IV, Ch. 23.

Cain Adomnain 6.

Ibid., 11.

Ibid., 13.

Ibid., 33.

Ibid., 33.

Lisa M. Bitel, ‘“Do Not Marry the Fat Short One”: The Early Irish Wisdom on Women’, Journal of Women’s History, p.

1 Corinthians 15 51–53.

Chapter Three

A complete translation can be found in Dorothy Whitelock’s indispensable Anglo-Saxon Wills and in Emilie Amt’s Women’s Lives in Medieval Europe, p. 130.

Quoted by Shamsie 2016, p. 181.

Ibid., p. 183.

Ibid., p. 184.

Quoted by Jones 2013.

This and other quotes in this story from Thiebaux 2008.

Alexiad, preface.

Ibid.

Ibid., Book 13, Ch. 10.

Ibid., preface.

Ibid., Book 14, Ch. 7.

Ibid., Book 11, Ch. 7.

Chapter Four

The Vinland Sagas, p. 32.

Ibid., p. 15.

Ibid., p. 46.

The Poetic Edda: Prophecy of the Seeress, Verse 23.

The Vinland Sagas, p.

Quoted by Meaney 1989, pp. 20 and 3.

Trotula: On treatments for women, section 132.

Ibid.: On those giving birth with difficulty, section 139.

Ibid.: On the entry of wind into the womb, section 151.

See bibliography. I have used the Lesslie Hall translation.

Bede, Ecclesiastical History, Book 2, Ch. 12.

Njal’s Saga, Chapter 157.

The Poetic Edda: The Greenlandic Lay of Atli, Verse 49.

http://norseandviking.blogspot.co.uk/2017/09/lets-debate-female-viking-warriors-yet.html

Chapter Five

The Life of Christina of Markyate, p. 20. The single surviving fourteenth-century manuscript copy of her Life was not published in modern English until 1959.

As Dianne Watt points out in a critique of the literature of medieval women’s lives – see bibliography.

Carolingian laws: Women’s work on royal estates quoted by Amt, p. 180.

Quoted by Herlihy, p. 89.

Yvain: The Knight with the Lion, lines 5190 onwards.

Ibid., lines 5364 onwards.

Abelard Letter 1: Historia Calamitatum. Radice, p. 14.

Heloïse Letter 2: Radice, p. 53.

Ibid., p. 54.

Coroners’ Rolls: Gross, p. 15.

Ibid., p. 24.

Ibid., p. 6.

Ibid., p. 15.

Quoted by Amt, p. 202.

Quoted by Leyser, p. 151.

Chapter Six

Nancy P. Stork translation of the trial, p. 6.

Ibid., p. 7.

Ibid., p. 16.

Ibid., p. 22.

Ibid., p. 23.

Simons, p. 35.

Ibid.

W. Butler Bowdon, Ch. 1, p. 9.

Ibid., Ch.

Judith M. Bennett’s Ale, Beer and Brewsters: Women’s work in a changing world 1300–1600 (1999) provides a fascinating insight into professional and semi-professional women alewives and brewsters.

W. Butler Bowdon, Ch. 2, p. 13.

Ibid., Ch. 29, p. 91.

Ibid., Ch. 28, p. 88.

Rondeau, line 1. Online at: http://faculty.msmc.edu/lindeman/piz3.html

Online at: https://www.library.rochester.edu/robbins/medsex-heckelCP2

Webb 2007, p. 137.

Livre de la Cite des Dames, Book 1, part 1.

Ibid., Book 1, part 3.

Ibid., Book 1, part 27. The same, equally compelling and polemical argument was made by Virginia Woolf in A Room of One’s Own.

Available online at: http://www.indiana.edu/~dmdhist/joan.htm

Quoted by McLeod, p. 164.

Letter 704. Gairdner, Vol. 5, p. 16.

Letter 713. Gairdner, Vol. 5, p. 26.

Letter 710.

See Diane Watt, Medieval Women’s Writing, 2007.

Letter 94. Gairdner, Vol. 2, p. 110.

Letter 895. Gairdner, Vol. 5, p. 265.

Letter 897. Gairdner, Vol. 5, p. 267.

Chapter Seven

Quoted from the translation by Heywood, p. 43.

Ibid., p. 45–51.

Diaz, p. 86.

Ibid., p. 247.

Quoted by Wilson, p. 120.

Ibid., p. 125.

Ibid., p. 130.

Ibid., p. 121.

Quoted by Hurley and Knight, p. 15.

All excerpts are from the slightly modernised version on the Poetry Foundation website.

A dialogue between Old England and New. Online at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43700/a-dialogue-between-old-england-and-new

The author to Her Book. Online at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43697/the-author-to-her-book

O’Toole, p. 145 onwards.

Ibid., p. 151 onwards.

Chapter Eight

Mary D. Garrard, Artemisia Gentileschi: The Image of the Female Hero in Italian Baroque Art (Princeton University Press, 1989).

By art historian Diana Apostolis – see bibliography.

Garrard 1989, p. 8.

Malice Defeated, p. 1.

Ibid., p. 2.

Ibid., p. 3.

Ibid., p. 18.

Ibid., p. 26.

‘To Dr. —— an answer’, pp. 6–7.

Ibid.

Rudiments of Grammar for the English-Saxon Tongue, 1715.

From Some reflections upon marriage, quoted by Perry, p. 156.

An impartial enquiry into the causes of rebellion and civil war in this kingdom, 1704.

Quoted by Perry, p. 189.

Letters Concerning the Love of God. Letter V, 1695.

A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, 1694.

Quoted by Perry, p. 243.

Through England on a Side-saddle, preface.

1698 Tour: Cambridge to Lichfield.

Wiltshire and Dorset.

Ibid.

Ibid.

1697 Tour: Hull to Chatsworth.

Book of Sirach, 14: 22.