Index

Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures, page numbers in bold indicate the page span of an author’s chapter, and references in footnotes are indicated by n following the page number.0,10 (art exhibition) 239, 243, 249 3D modeling 39-41, 40, 43-44, 49 9/11 see September 11, 2001 9/11 Commission Report 11, 21-22, 27,

28- 30, 31, 34n8-9; see also United 93 (Greengrass)

Absurd (band) 89-90, 91 accessibility 158, 160, 222, 231 Act of Killing, The (Oppenheimer):

criticism of 308, 329n10; and disruption of official narratives

8, 175-176, 287, 316, 327-328; as documentary film 308, 315, 316, 319, 321-322, 327-328; scenes in 316-321, 317, 318, 320; and the viewer 321-322 Acuna, Luciana 258, 267 Adorno, Theodor W.

29- 30,31-32

agency of participants: in documentary film 288-289, 315-318; and gender roles 224-228, 229-231; and historical narratives 115, 121, 175, 190, 226-227; in larp (live-action role-playing) 149, 165

Agnew, Vanessa 1-14, 9, 59-60, 281 agriculture 200-201, 203-204, 206-207,

208

Aker, Metin 196, 202

AkhRR (Association of Artists of

Revolutionary Russia) 238-239, 247, 249 AKP (Justice and Development Party,

Turkey) 199-200

Alto Solimoes River (Brazil) 55

Amazon (Brazil) 10, 54-56, 70n3; see also Caixana people; Sao Sebastiao, Brazil

American Revolution, reenactment of: cross-gender performance in 227-232; motivations for participating in 222-225; participants’ experiences in

225- 231; women’s roles in 6, 221-222, 224-227, 231-232

Amnesty International 298

ancestors, reenactment of 54-55, 64, 98, 227; see also photographic reenactment

Anderson, Benedict 9, 188, 189, 190 animation 311-313

anniversaries 111-112, 245, 273-274, 278 antifascism 105, 111-112 anti-Semitism 90, 95-96

appropriation 56, 65, 67-69, 80-81; see also Ulfhednar

archival material 54-56, 67, 69, 106, 323-324

archive 48, 50, 69, 268, 291, 293

“archive effect” 313-314

Argentina: 1976-1983 dictatorship 253­254, 258-259, 265, 268; reenactment and postmemory in 253-254,

255- 260, 263-264, 269; see also Arias, Lola; My Life After (Arias)

Arias, Lola: My Life After 6, 253-254,

256- 257, 258-264, 261, 262, 265-269; theatrical techniques of 253-255, 256-258, 263, 264, 269

Arrernte people 54, 68

Arrese Igor, Blas 258, 259, 261, 263;

see also My Life After (Arias) art exhibitions see Malevich, Kazimir Association of Artists of Revolutionary

Russia (AkhRR) 238-239, 247, 249 Association of Jewish Refugees 277, 280 Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal 199 audiences 5, 26, 59, 65, 136-138, 230;

see also theater; viewers’ perspectives Austin, J.

178-182; and equipment 82, 179-181, 182-183; and gender roles 80-81, 82, 224-227, 230, 232; and location

109- 111, 116-117; as low priority in reenactment 113, 131-132, 230; and power structures 97-98, 109-111, 115-120, 180, 232; problematic claims of 78-81, 82-83; reenactors’ perspectives on 180-182, 224-227, 230; as selling point for reenactment 9, 78-81, 180-182, 272; social construction of 97-98, 116, 179-180, 225, 232; and spectacle 78-81, 182-184

authorization 225, 232 auto/biography 253-254, 257-260, 269;

see also My Life After (Arias) auto-ethnography 299 avant-garde art 238-239; see also

Malevich, Kazimir

Bakovic, Nikola 4, 105-124 Balkans 205-206

Banghard, Karl 3-4 battle reenactments: centering of 81,

82, 217; choosing sides in 1, 229; at the Festival of Slavs and Vikings 77-78; in Indonesia 173-176, 178-181, 182-186, 187-191; in the Soviet Union 237-238, 244-247; in the United States 220-221, 222, 224-225, 228-232; in Yan’an (China) 135-138, 137; in Yugoslavia 106, 112-113 Becker, Wolfgang 21 Benzaquen-Gautier, Stephanie 8-9,

256-257, 287-307, 330n13 Biodrama series 258 black metal 88-90; see also pagan metal Black Square (Malevich) 239 bleed (larp concept) 165-166 Blood & Honour 90-91 blood-and-soil ideology 92, 96; see also

volkisch thought

Bloody Sunday (Greengrass) 27 Boerman, Charley 8, 308-332 bombing see Rafah: Black Friday

(Forensic Architecture);

Traumgutstrasse (Kusmirowski) bombs, smoke 173, 181-183 Bosniaks 206-207

Brazilian Amazon see Amazon (Brazil) Brecht, Bertolt 10, 254

Bruzzi, Stella 312, 328 Burzum 89, 91 Butler, Judith 220, 246

Caixana people: contested status of

10, 55, 56-57, 66-67, 68-69; photo­elicitation with 10, 54-56, 57-58, 60-65, 68-69; photographs of 58, 63 Cambodia: education in 304n17; and genocide film 8-9, 287-288, 291-294 (see also Missing Picture, The [Panh]; We Want [u] to Know [Pugliese]); transitional justice in 287-288, 291, 295-296, 302; see also Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC); Thnol Lok, Cambodia

Casullo, Liza 258, 259, 260, 261-264, 262, 265; see also My Life After (Arias)

cave dwellings 128, 131-133, 135 CCP see Chinese Communist Party

(CCP)

Qelebi, Evliya see Evliya Qelebi Center for Political Beauty (CPB) 278,

281

Centrum Slowian i Wikingow (Slav and Viking Center) 77

Chakrabarty, Dipesh 9 Chandler, James 3, 11, 12, 17-36 characters 147-148, 162, 165-166,

226- 230

charity 275, 277, 281 Chiang Kai-shek 127, 136 children see youth and children Chile 269

Chinese Communist Party (CCP): in the 21st century 4, 125-127, 130-132,

134- 135, 138-140; under Mao 127-128, 130-133, 135-138; see also Mao Zedong; red tourism

Chinese Revolution 127-128, 130-134,

135-138

Choeung Ek Genocidal Center

295, 303

Qilek, Muzaffer 206 cinematography: Act of Killing, The

(Oppenheimer) 315-320; The Missing

Picture (Panh) 322-327; United 93 (Greengrass) 22, 25, 29-31, 33-34; Waltz with Bashir (Forman) 311-314; We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese) 289-290, 298-300

cirit 211

Civil War (United States) 220-221 climate change 3

CLOSS (larp association) 158-160, 163-164

clothing 77-78, 82, 160, 220, 260-261, 266-267; see also uniforms

Cold War 29, 105, 113, 295; see also

Yugoslavia collective mobilities (Yugoslavia)

107-108; see also partisan marches (Yugoslavia)

Collingwood, R.

191n3; see also imperialism combat see battle reenactments commemoration: in Cambodia 8-9,

294-295; in Indonesia 174, 175, 177; of the Kindertransport 274-277, 278-281; in the Soviet Union 237-238, 244-247; in Yugoslavia 110, 113-114, 116; see also memorials; memory

Communist Party (Yugoslavia) 105,

107; see also League of Communists (Yugoslavia)

Congo, Anwar (in The Act of Killing)

316-318, 318, 319-321, 320 ConQuest of Mythodea (larp) 147-148 Conti, Ulises 258, 267 Cool Japan 146, 154, 166

COVID-19 3, 167n7

CPB (Center for Political Beauty)

278, 281

Craps, Stef 326

Crespo, Carla 258, 259, 262, 263,

265-266, 268; see also My Life After

(Arias)

crime scenes 38, 45, 49-50

Croatia 111-114 cross-gender reenactment 220-221,

227- 232

cultural memory 47-48, 94, 274, 325; see also memory

Cultural Revolution (China) 125-127, 133-135

Czapski Palace 46, 49 dance 133, 137, 137, 140n7, 264, 267 Darken, Rob (Robert Fudali) 90, 91 dark tourism 110

David (Indonesian reenactor) 189 Day of Anger (Cambodia) 294-295 death 48-49, 259-260, 265-266, 297;

see also genocide; mass violence decolonization 2, 9, 191n3; see also

Indonesia

Defend Yan’an (Du Pengcheng) 136, 138 Derrida, Jacques 199, 246

Dickens, Charles 20, 33 Dilari, Ercihan 195, 196, 213 distancing 254, 264, 266, 327-328

Dith Pran 291-292, 293, 302n4, 303n10, 303n12; see also Killing Fields, The (Joffe)

documentary film 8-11, 175, 287-288, 291-294, 308-310, 312, 327-328; see also Act of Killing, The (Oppenheimer); Feel of History, The (Zurne); Missing Picture, The (Panh); Waltz with Bashir (Folman); We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

documentary theater 253-255, 257-259, 263-264, 269; see also My Life After (Arias)

Donaldson, Ian Stuart 90 Dubs, Lord Alf 278, 280-281 Du Pengcheng 136, 138

Dutch colonization of Indonesia 173-174, 176-177, 191n3; see also Indonesia; Serangan Umum 1 Maret

ECCC see Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)

Edo period (Japan) 150, 151, 153 Edson see Matarezio Filho, Edson Tosta Eisenstein, Sergei 245

embodiment: and authenticity 175, 178-182; as core feature of reenactment 6-7, 180-182, 273; in film and theater 253-254, 258-259, 267, 291, 292-293, 327-328; as knowledge 6-7, 109-110, 165, 180-182, 210-211, 291-293; in photographic reenactment 54-55, 64-65; through travel 109-110, 210-211

ephemera 50-51

epic theater 10; see also Brecht, Bertolt equestrian culture see horses equipment 77-79, 179-180, 182-183, 222 Erdogan, Recep Tayyip 199-200

ERP (Ejercicio Revolucionaro del Pueblo) 265

ethics 54-56, 294-298, 322-323 ethnicity and ethnic identity 80-81,

94-98, 118, 121-122, 189-190, 199-200, 207-209

ethnography 9, 10, 257; see also American Revolution, reenactment of; Caixana people;

Komunitas Djokjakarta 1945

Eurocentrism 9, 56, 326 evidence 9-11, 23-24, 39-44, 49-51,

78-80, 291

Evliya Qelebi: as inspiration for reenactment 5, 195-198, 199-200, 205, 209-210, 212-213; life and travels of 196, 197, 198-199, 205, 209, 212-213; reputation of 196, 202

Evreinov, Nikolai 260

exile 260-264

experiential knowledge 1-3, 4, 11-12; see also embodiment; participant experiences

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) 288, 291, 296, 302, 330n14

Facebook 82, 178, 190, 221

Falco, Vanina 258, 259, 268; see also My Life After (Arias)

farming see agriculture Fedorov-Davydov, Alexei 243, 247, 249

Feel of History, The (Zurne) 174, 175, 181 femininity 220; see also women

reenactors

Fenske, Michaela 220

festivals: Festival of Slavs and Vikings 77, 82, 87, 89, 91; Iga-Ueno Ninja Festa 154, 156-157, 158-160, 163-164

Figueroa, Michael 329n6

film 8-9, 17; see also cinematography; documentary film; specific films

Finkel, Caroline 196

First They Killed My Father (Jolie) 292,

293- 294

flags 85-86, 87

flashbacks 299, 311, 314, 329n5 foreigners, suspicion of 202-203

Forensic Architecture 10, 38, 39-44, 40, 41, 49-50, 51

forensic turn 41-42

Forman, Ari 311-315, 327-328

Foucault, Michel 69

Fraser, Nick 308, 328

Freud, Sigmund 274, 309-310, 326, 327 Frisch, Albert 56-57, 58, 60-62, 63, 64, 67-69

Fudali, Robert (Rob Darken) 90, 91 funding for reenactment 8-9, 186, 196, 279, 296

future, preenactment of 259-260 Futurism 239

games 1, 114-115, 121, 180, 181, 211;

see also larp (live-action role-playing) Gasper-Hulvat, Marie 6-7, 237-252 gatekeeping 180

Gaza, 2014 Israeli attack on see Rafah:

Black Friday (Forensic Architecture) gear see equipment

Gemayel, Bashir 311 gender roles: in American

Revolutionary War reenactment 6, 217-221, 224-228, 229-232; in ninja larp 157; Ulfhednar and 80-81, 82; see also women reenactors

General Offensive of 1 March see

Serangan Umum 1 Maret genocide 8-9, 287-288, 291-294, 295, 298,

303-304n15; see also Act of Killing,

The (Oppenheimer); Holocaust;

Missing Picture, The (Panh); We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

genre 88-89, 147-148, 207, 315-316, 319 German Development Service (GiZ) 288, 296

Germanic mythology 80, 82, 94-97;

see also neopaganism; volkisch thought Germany: and refugees 273, 278, 281;

and right-wing extremism 4, 80-84,

86, 89, 94-97

Gernotshagen 82, 91

Gerull, Heiko 82, 83, 92-93

Gervina 82, 84

global history 2-3

Godard, Jean-Luc 323, 325

Goodbye, Lenin! (Becker) 21

Gorewicz, Igor 91

Grandma Nhey (Thnol Lok villager)

290, 294, 296-297, 297, 299, 300 Graveland 90, 91

Graves Without a Name (Panh) 290, 330n17

Greengrass, Paul 11, 23-25, 26-28, 29-32, 33-34; see also United 93 (Greengrass)

guidebooks 152, 156, 211-212 guns 173, 179, 180-181

Hahn, Hans Peter 68

Hall, Stuart 68

Hamas 39

Hamengkubuwono IX, Sultan 176, 178,185

Hands on London 277

Hatta 176, 191n3

Haymaking (Malevich) 240, 242

He Jingzhi 135

Henry (Indonesian reenactor) 178, 179, 183, 184-185, 190

Herder, Johann Gottfried 94 heroism 136, 190-191, 316

Hersek, Turkey 204-205

Hirsch, Marianne 7, 255, 275-276;

see also postmemory

historical accuracy 157, 164-165, 218-219, 224-227, 230; see also authenticity

historical knowledge 79-80, 97, 149-150, 185, 186

historiography: Collingwood on 12,

17- 21, 33-34; of Indonesia 173-174, 176-178, 184-185, 186-191; see also state-sanctioned narratives

history larp 148-150, 166; see also larp (live-action role-playing); ninja larp

Holman Jones, Stacy 219-220

Holocaust: and cultural memory

8, 47-48, 276, 314-315, 325, 327; neo-Nazi references to 90; and present-day activism 278, 281; representation of 9, 310, 327; see also Kindertransport

Hope Street Limited 276

Hoppadietz, Ralf 4, 77-104 horses 195-198, 198, 201-202, 201, 209-213

hospitality 196, 198-199, 200, 202-203, 208, 213

Hosteling League of Yugoslavia 108, 110, 116, 117

iconography see symbols

Idea of History, The (Collingwood) 12,

18- 19, 33-34

IDF (Israel Defense Forces) 311-315 Iga, Japan 147, 150-153, 154-157 Igarashi Mai (ninja character) 154, 155 Iga-ryu Ninja House 155-156 Iga-Ueno Ninja Festa 154, 156-157, 158-160, 163-164

imperialism 56, 69, 173-174, 176-177, 200; see also colonialism implicated subjects (Rothberg) 322 indigenous politics see Caixana people Indonesia: historiography of 173-174, 176-178, 184-185, 186-191; mass killings in (see Act of Killing, The [Oppenheimer]); reenactment in 6, 9, 173-176, 174, 178-181, 181,182-186, 187-191 intergenerational transmission 256-257, 294; see also My Life After (Arias); We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese) investigation 10, 38, 39-44, 66-67 Israel, 2014 attack on Gaza see Rafah: Black Friday (Forensic Architecture) Israel Defense Forces (IDF) 311-315 Israel-Lebanon War of 1982 311-315 Israel-Palestine conflict see Rafah: Black Friday (Forensic Architecture)

Janet, Pierre 309, 310

Japan: history of 150-153, 164; touristic image of (Cool Japan) 4-5, 146, 154, 166; see also Iga, Japan; ninja

Japan Ninja Council 146-147, 152 Jimeno, Will 32, 35n13

Joester, Jens 288, 299-300, 301; see also Pugliese, Ella; We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

Joffe, Roland 291-292, 293, 295; see also Killing Fields, The (Joffe)

Jolie, Angelina 292, 293-294 Just, Tony 50 justice 8-9, 255, 287-288; see also transitional justice

Justice and Development Party, Turkey (AKP) 199-200

kabuki 153

Kamm, Bjorn-Ole 4-5, 146-170 Kemalism 199-200, 202

Khmer Rouge 287-288, 289-294, 295; see also We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

Killing Fields, The (Joffe) 289, 291-294, 295, 303n9-10, 303n12

Kindertransport: Kindertransportees and their descendants 6, 273-276, 275, 277; memorials to 276, 277-278, 280; reenactments commemorating 7,

273- 277, 275, 277, 278-282

KMT see Kuomintang (KMT) Kδka, Japan 147, 151

Komunitas Djokjakarta 1945 173-176, 174, 178-181, 182-186, 182, 187-191

Konuk, Kader 5, 9, 200, 281

Koto, Herman (in The Act of Killing)

316-317, 319, 320

Kuomintang (KMT) 127, 128, 136 Kurds 204, 208, 209

Kurondo (ninja group) 156-157, 160 Kusmirowski, Robert 10, 38, 44-49, 44,

45, 46, 51

LaCapra, Dominick 310, 329-330n11 land rights 55-56, 61-62, 66-67 Landry, Donna 5-6, 195-216

Lane, David 96-97

Lanz, Adolph Joseph 95-96 Lanzmann, Claude 9, 323, 325 larp (live-action role-playing):

debriefings in 148, 164-165; and the game industry 157-158; gameplay in 147-148, 158-160, 159, 162-166; goals of 148-150; as reenactment 5, 148-150, 158-160, 162-166 Laundress (Malevich) 240, 242 Laundry Company, The 226-227 League of Communists (Yugoslavia)

105, 107, 116; see also Communist

Party (Yugoslavia)

League of the Socialist Youth

(Yugoslavia) 108, 113-114 leagues (Yugoslavia) 107-108 Leningrad 237, 238-239, 245; see also

Storming of the Winter Palace reenactment

Leys, Ruth 329n5

Liebenfels, Jorg Lanz von 95-96 life stories 6-7, 248-249, 255-257,

258-260, 274-276; see also My Life

After (Arias)

List, Guido Karl Anton 95-97 literature 19-20, 125, 136, 138 Liu Shaoqi 132 living history 20, 78-79, 249, 272 location, importance of 45-47, 109-111,

116-117, 119, 127-128 Lugones, Pablo 258, 262, 266-267;

see also My Life After (Arias) Lukacs, Georg 19, 20

M., Andreas 84 MacLean, Gerald 5-6, 195-216 Mai (ninja character) 154, 155 Malevich, Kazimir: false dating of work

237, 241-244, 246, 248-250; life and career of 238-239, 244-245, 247-249; retrospective exhibition by 6-7, 237-238, 239-244, 243, 244, 245-250 Mao Zedong: as revolutionary leader 127-128, 136-137; in Yan’an 127-128, 130; Yan’an Talks 125, 128, 130, 133-134, 136, 139

marches see partisan marches (Yugoslavia)

Margulies, Ivone 288, 295, 296 Martin, Carol 254

mass violence 8-9, 186-187; see also

Act of Killing, The (Oppenheimer); genocide

Matarezio Filho, Edson Tosta 55, 56-57, 60, 66, 67

materiality 38-39, 42-43, 49-51 Matisse, Henri 241

Matten, Marc Andre 125-145 Mbembe, Achille 48

McLoughlin, John 32, 35n13 Mecca 196-197

mediation 42-43, 275-276 medieval reenactment see Ulfhednar Meisler, Frank 276, 280

Melek Ahmed Pa§a 209 memorials 276, 277-278, 280, 281,

303n14

memory: cultural memory 47-48, 94, 274, 325; manipulation of 247-249, 311-314; memory politics 47-48,

110- 113, 117, 120-121, 175, 255-257; postmemory 7, 255-257, 275-276; and reconstruction 40-42, 46-48; rememory 275-276; as source of information 40-42, 116; Taylor on 288, 291; and trauma 8-9, 255-257, 291, 294-295, 309-310, 311-314; in volkisch thought 94, 95, 97

Menhir 78, 83, 85, 86, 91-93, 97; see also Ulfhednar

Merkin, Ros 276

metal (music genre) 78, 82, 88-93 Mie prefecture, Japan 147, 150; see also

Iga, Japan migration 196, 203-204, 205-209 military reenactments see battle reenactments; partisan marches (Yugoslavia) mimesis 5, 64, 65, 254-255 Minefield (Arias) 257-258 Miranha people 55, 57, 66 Missing Picture, The (Panh) 322-328, 324 Mobus, Hendrik 89-90 money spent by reenactors 180, 186, 222 Monologue (Rattana) 290

Morris, Errol 315, 321-322, 329n10

Morrison, Toni 275-276 mosques 204-205 mourning 10-11, 266, 326-327

Movies That Matter Foundation 298 multiculturalism 118, 189-190, 199-200,

203- 204, 205-209

multidirectional memory (Rothberg) 281, 325

Munch, Edvard 241

Munoz, Jose Esteban 50-51

Museum of History, Paderborn

77-78, 84

museums 77-79, 82, 98, 139, 154-156, 217 My Life After (Arias) 6, 253-254, 256-257, 258-264, 261, 262, 265-269

Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski (National Revival of Poland) 77

NARUTO 146, 153-154

national identity 110, 189-190, 199-200, 202-203, 224

nationalism 81, 95, 186-190, 199-200, 208 national past, construction of 94-98, 199-200; see also state-sanctioned narratives

National Revolution (Indonesia) see Serangan Umum 1 Maret

National Socialist black metal (NSBM) 89-91, 93

necroperformance (Sajewska) 48-49 neo-Nazism 81, 83-84, 86, 88, 89-93 neopaganism 77-78, 81, 88-93, 94-97 Netherlands, the see Dutch colonization of Indonesia

New Order regime (Indonesia) see Suharto

Ngor, Haing S. 293, 294, 295, 303n9-10, 303n12, 304n16; see also Killing Fields, The (Joffe)

Nhey see Grandma Nhey (Thnol Lok villager)

Nichols, Bill 261, 288, 298, 300, 328n3 ninja: history of 150-153; popular image of 146-147, 150-152, 151, 153-154; touristic representation of 5, 146-147, 151-152, 154-157, 155, 158-160, 162-165

ninja larp 5, 146-147, 149-150, 158-160, 159, 161, 162-166

Niven, Bill (William) 6, 7, 272-284 non-player characters (NPCs) 148, 162-163, 167n2

Noordenbos, Boris 8, 308-332

Nordic larp 148-149

Nordic mythology 89, 94-97 nostalgia 3, 89, 128, 130, 325 Nou Va 288, 294, 297, 297, 300 novels 19-20, 136, 138

NPCs (non-player characters) 148, 162-163, 167n2

NSBM (National Socialist black metal) 89-91, 93

October (Eisenstein) 245

October Revolution (Russia) 237-238, 242, 248; see also Soviet Union Odroerir 82, 91-92

open-source information-gathering 10; see also Forensic Architecture Oppenheimer, Joshua 8, 175, 287, 308, 315, 327-328, 329n10; see also Act of Killing, The (Oppenheimer)

Orientalism 196

Ottoman Empire 5-6, 196, 198-200, 202-203, 204-205, 212-213; see also Evliya Qelebi

Ovacik, Turkey 195, 200-203, 201

Pagan Front 89-90 pagan metal 78, 82, 88-93, 96-97 painting see Malevich, Kazimir Palestine see Rafah: Black Friday (Forensic Architecture)

Panh, Rithy 290, 292-293, 298, 302, 322-328, 330n16-17

parents, reenactment of see Kindertransport; My Life After (Arias)

Parliament of the United Kingdom 280-281

participant experiences: in American Revolutionary War reenactment 222-223, 225-231; in Kindertransport reenactment 274-276, 278-279; in Komunitas Djokjakarta 1945 173, 179-182, 183-185; in larp (live-action role-playing) 147-148, 160, 162-166; in We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese) 289-291, 294, 296-298, 299, 301 participant observation: on Evliya Qelebi rides 195-198, 200-203,

204- 208, 210-213; with Komunitas Djokjakarta 1945 173, 174-175, 178-179, 185; in ninja larp 147, 150, 158-160, 162-164

partisan marches (Yugoslavia): accounts of specific marches 111-112, 114, 118; funding for 117-118; as military training 112-114, 115; and notions of authenticity 115-120, 121; organizing of 107-108, 111-112,

115- 120; overview of 4, 105-106; as pilgrimage 106, 109-111, 120-122; scripted vs.

past, inaccessibility of 5, 10,

48-49, 79-80, 182, 272; see also Collingwood, R. G.

past/present relationship 59, 78-81, 126-127, 139, 189, 247-250, 321-322; see also Kindertransport; My Life After (Arias); national past, construction of; pilgrimage; reconstruction; tourism

People’s Liberation Struggle (Yugoslavia) 105-106, 111-113, 115,

116- 118, 121

People’s Revolutionary Army (Ejercicio Revolucionaro del Pueblo, ERP) 265 performance 37-38, 51, 136-138, 229-231, 267, 293; see also battle reenactments; larp (live-action role-playing); My Life After (Arias); photographic reenactment; spectacle; staged reenactment; theater; Ulfhednar

performance studies 37-38, 256 performativity 65, 69, 219, 246, 248-249, 327-328

“period rush” 5, 266 perpetrators of violence see Act of

Killing, The (Oppenheimer) personal objects 259, 260-261, 261, 266-267

Petrograd see Leningrad

Phnom Penh, Cambodia 292, 297, 298 photo-elicitation 54, 57-58, 62-65, 175; see also photographic reenactment photographic reenactment: with the

Caixana 10, 57-58, 60-65, 68-69; in Indonesia 178, 183-184; as methodology 54, 59-60, 62-63, 65, 69-70 photographs and photography 50,

69, 133, 138, 178-180, 253-254, 262-263; see also Frisch, Albert; photo-elicitation; photographic reenactment

photo manipulation 56, 57, 61, 64, 183-184

Pickering, Paul 38

Pierce, William Luther 89 pilgrimage 106, 109-111, 120-122, 128, 196-197; see also red tourism

Poluda, Julian 288, 296 populism 2, 4 positionality in reenactment studies 12 postmemory 7, 255-257, 275-276 post-traumatic repetition compulsion 274, 309-310, 314, 325-326

Pramoedya Ananta Toer 188 preenactment 260 propaganda 116, 125-126, 130, 138,

237, 292; see also partisan marches (Yugoslavia); red tourism; Storming of the Winter Palace reenactment props 179-180, 182-183, 260-262,

265-267; see also equipment psychoanalysis 325-326 public history 2, 217 Pugliese, Ella 8-9, 256-257, 288-290,

294- 295, 296-302, 297, 304n18; see also We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

Quieto, Lucila 253, 262-263

Rafah: Black Friday (Forensic Architecture) 10, 38, 39-44, 40, 41, 49-50, 51

rahvan 211

Ranke, Leopold von 11 Rattana, Vandy 290 recent history, reenactment of 6, 21, 120; see also My Life After (Arias); partisan marches (Yugoslavia);

September 11, 2001

reconstruction: conceptual discussions of 10, 37-39, 41-43, 49-51; and partisan marches (Yugoslavia)

111- 115, 120; in Rafah: Black Friday (Forensic Architecture) 10, 39-44, 49, 51; and red tourism 126-127, 131-133; in Traumgutstrasse (Kusmirowski) 10, 44-50, 51

recreation of artworks 240-242; see also Malevich, Kazimir

red tourism: and battle reenactments 135-138, 137; maps and photographs 129, 131,132,137; precursors to 127­128; strategies of 4, 126-127, 130-135, 138-140; see also Yan’an (China) reenactive mobility 1 reenactment: and affective evidence 9, 180-182, 291; and authenticity (see authenticity); and climate change 3; as creative encounter 58-60; criticism of 218, 219, 298, 312; dangers of 97-98; definitions of 272-273; digital forms of 1; distancing effects of 264, 266; as entertainment 78-79, 135-138; and epic theater 10; and epistemology 5; ethics of 54-56, 294-298, 322-323; and evidence 9-11, 49-51, 78-80; as experiential knowledge 1-3, 4, 11-12; fantasmatic dimension of 300, 301; as field of study 11-12; as a gendered practice 6, 217-221; and genocide 8-9, 287-288, 291-294, 295, 298; genres of 1, 20-21, 272; as global/transnational 1-3, 8-9, 10, 12, 115; as glocal 3, 10; as a hobby 1, 217-218; and horizons of experience 3; and life stories

6-7, 248-249, 255-257, 258-260,

274- 276; as local 4-5, 119-120, 134; logistics of 186; and memory 7-9,

275- 276; as multidirectional 281, 325; and national historiography 1-3, 186-191; and pilgrimage 106, 109-111, 120-122, 128, 196-197; and power 288, 294-298, 299-302; as public history 2, 217; as reanimation

277- 278; subversive potential of 5-6, 69-70, 232, 248-249; and suffering

8, 287-288; terminology for 37-38, 259; and time 3, 6-7, 256; as tool for justice 8, 268, 278, 280-281, 287-288, 302; and trauma (see trauma) reenactment, motivations for:

autobiographical factors 6-7, 227-228, 246-250, 257-260, 274-276, 294; commemoration 274, 281; educating audiences 226-227, 228­229, 230, 294; educating participants

278- 279, 294, 304n17; embodiment 6-7, 180-182, 273; enthusiasm for history 222-224, 228-229; escapism 80-81, 98, 228; ethnic identity 80-81, 98; experience of participating 21, 164-166, 222-223; exploring trauma 6-7, 308-310; historical knowledge 97, 149-150, 185, 186; military training 106, 112-114, 115; nation­building (Soviet Union) 237-238, 244-249; nostalgia 3, 130; partisan identity (Yugoslavia) 106, 108,

110, 113, 118-119, 120-122; people­centered nationalism (Indonesia) 175, 187-190; political education (China) 126-127, 130, 132-134, 135-138, 139-140; right-wing extremism 3-4, 81, 98; socializing 119, 121; spectacle 21, 175, 182; tourism 147, 149-150 reenactment groups 217-221; see also

American Revolution, reenactment of; Komunitas Djokjakarta 1945 reenactment studies, scope of 11-12 reenactors: agency of (see agency of participants); characteristics of 222; experiences of (see participant experiences); expert knowledge of 179-180, 185; mobility of 1 refugees 6, 204, 205-209, 278, 280-281;

see also Kindertransport Reichenbach, Karin 4, 77-104 rekonstrukcja 37-38, 51n1; see also reconstruction

remains 37-38, 45-49, 303n14 rememory 275-276 repatriation 54-56 repertoire (Taylor) 291, 293 repetition compulsion 274, 309-310,

314, 325-326 rephotography 65 replicas 77-79, 131-132, 179 retrospective exhibitions see Malevich,

Kazimir

Revolutionary War (United States) see

American Revolution, reenactment of Richter, Max 329n6 right-wing extremism: history of

94-97; as motivation for reenactment 3-4, 81, 98; in the pagan metal scene 88-93, 97; symbols associated with 77-78, 82-83, 86

Rigney, Ann 8 role-playing games 157-158; see also

larp (live-action role-playing) Roma citta aperta (Rossellini) 17 romanticization 80-81, 82, 189 Rossellini, Roberto 17 Rothberg, Michael 281, 322, 325 Roth-Howe, Leah 288, 289, 290 ruins 42-44, 45-49 runes 77-78, 82-83, 88, 95 rural life 195-196, 200-201, 203-204,

211; see also We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

Rwandan genocide 8, 303-304n15

S.21 (prison) 287, 291, 292-293, 296, 303n14

S.21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine (Panh) 292-293

Sahlins, Marshall 11, 30, 35n12 Said, Edward 196, 202 Sajewska, Dorota 48-49 samurai 150-151, 152, 153, 157-158 Sao Sebastiao, Brazil 10, 54-57, 61-62,

66-67

Sattler, Shanti 288 scenarios 162-163, 164-165; see also

larp (live-action role-playing) Schanberg, Sydney 291-292, 3θ2n4 Scott, Sir Walter 19-20, 33, 34n2-3 scouting 108 scripts 115, 160, 184-186, 263-264, 272 Searle, John 246 self-reenactment see Killing Fields,

The (Joffe); Kindertransport; My Life After (Arias); S.21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine (Panh); United 93 (Greengrass)

September 11, 2001: depicted in film (see United 93 [Greengrass]; World

Trade Center [Stone]); events of

21-25, 28, 30-31; as global moment 3; as moment of epochal change

11, 21, 29-32, 35n13; see also 9/11 Commission Report

Serangan Umum 1 Maret: historiography of 173-174, 176-178, 184-185, 186-191; reenactments of 6, 173-176, 174, 178-181, 181, 182-186, 187-191

Seyahatname (Book of Travels)

see Evliya Qelebi shinobi 152-153; see also ninja Shoah (Lanzmann) 9 Slavyansky Soyuz 86 Sliney, Ben 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28-29 smoke bombs 173, 181-183 Socialist League of the Working People

(Yugoslavia) 107 socialist realism 136 social-political organizations

(Yugoslavia) 107-108, 113, 115-120 Sosnowska, Dorota 10, 37-53 sound 173, 181, 182, 185 Soviet Union: art and artists in

238-239, 244-246, 247-249; battle reenactment in 237-238, 244-247;

see also Malevich, Kazimir spatial modeling 10; see also Forensic

Architecture

special effects 182-183 spectacle 17-18, 175, 182-184, 189-190, 237-238

spectatorship 26; see also viewers’ perspectives

Speratti, Mariano 258, 259, 261, 265;

see also My Life After (Arias)

Stach, Sabine 1-14

staged reenactment 79-80, 135-138; see also Komunitas Djokjakarta 1945; spectacle; theater

state-sanctioned narratives 4, 138-140, 173-176, 177, 237-238, 294-295; see also Indonesia: historiography of; partisan marches (Yugoslavia); red tourism

Stone, Oliver 23, 25, 32-33, 35n13

Storming of the Winter Palace reenactment 237-238, 244-247

Strasser, Judith 288, 296

street theater 276-277

structure of the conjecture 11; see also Sahlins, Marshall

“stunt double” metaphor 266

Suharto 174, 175-176, 177-178, 184-185, 186-188, 190

Suitcase (Merkin) 276-277

Sukarno 176-177, 187, 191n3

Suprematist art 238-240, 241-242, 248; see also Malevich, Kazimir

Suryono (in The Act of Killing) 316-319, 317, 321

swastikas 77-78, 82-83, 86, 93, 97 symbols 77-78, 82-84, 85-88; see also runes

Syrian refugees 204, 208, 278, 280-281

Tale of Two Cities, A (Dickens) 20

Tardiff, Therese 196

tattoos 4, 78, 84

Taylor, Diana 37, 288, 291 temporality 3, 6-7, 248, 256, 311-314, 318-319

territorialization 67

theater 153, 253-255, 257-258, 269, 272, 276-277; see also Arias, Lola; spectacle

theater of the real 254-255; see also documentary theater

Thnol Lok, Cambodia: photos from 289, 290, 297, 301; reenactment in 288-291, 294, 295-296, 298-301; see also We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

Ticuna people 55, 57, 64, 66

Tito, Josip Broz 105, 107

To Harvest (Marfa and Vanka) (Malevich) 240, 242

Tomann, Juliane 1-14, 6, 217-234

Tomono Shou 157-158, 159, 160, 162-163

Tonantins, Brazil 55

Torso (Figure with Pink Face) (Malevich) 243, 243, 244

tourism 4-5, 146-147, 149-150, 154-157, 204, 211-212; see also red tourism

Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) 288-289, 296 transitional justice 8-9, 287-288, 291,

295- 296, 302

translatability 11-12, 37-38, 259 transnational context of reenactment

1-3, 8-9, 10, 12, 115 trauma 6-7, 47, 126-127, 274-276,

295-300, 308-310

trauma, representations of: in The Act of Killing (Oppenheimer) 316-321; in The Missing Picture (Panh) 325-327; in My Life After (Arias) 255-256, 258-259; in Waltz with Bashir (Forman) 311-315; in We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese) 9, 296-298, 299-300 Traumgutstrasse (Kusmirowski) 10, 38, 44-49, 44, 45, 46, 51

travel 5, 195-199, 200-203, 209-213; see also Kindertransport; migration; partisan marches (Yugoslavia); pilgrimage; tourism

Tretiakov Gallery 237-238, 239, 243, 247, 249; see also Malevich, Kazimir

Turkey: history of 198-200, 202,

204- 206; migration in 203-204,

205- 209; national identity in 199-200, 202-203; travels in 5-6, 195-199, 200-203, 209-213

Turkish Republic 196, 199-200, 202-203

Ulfhednar: connection to pagan metal scene 91-93; criticism of 82-84; overview of 81-82; use of far-right symbols 4, 77-78, 83-88, 85, 87, 97; see also Menhir

UNESCO 197, 211

Ung, Loung 292, 293-294, 303n7, 303n13 uniforms 179-180, 227-231

United 93 (Greengrass): casting of 24-25, 26, 27; cinematography of 22, 25, 29-31, 33-34; compared to World Trade Center (Stone) 23, 32-33; Greengrass’s commentary on 23, 25, 26, 28, 33; narratives and chronology in 11, 21-25, 28-29, 30-31; and spectatorship 26-27, 29-30, 31-32; stills from 23, 24

United Kingdom see Kindertransport untranslatability 11-12, 37-38, 259

U.S.

Uβfeller, Thomas “Fix” 92

van Alphen, Ernst 310 Van?, Sedat 195, 196, 203 veterans’ league (Yugoslavia) 113-114, 116-117

victims 39-40, 274, 287-288, 314, 322-328

video footage 39-44, 323-324; see also documentary film

viewers’ perspectives: on The Act of Killing (Oppenheimer) 8, 315-317, 321-322; and reconstruction 10, 46-47, 50, 51; and tourism 133-134, 136-138; on United 93 (Greengrass) 11, 26-27, 29-30, 31-32; on Waltz with Bashir (Folman) 311-312; see also audiences

Vikernes, Kristian “Varg” 89-90 Viking reenactment see Ulfhednar violence, restaging of 8-9, 31, 265, 287­288, 289-294, 308-309; see also Act of Killing, The (Oppenheimer); battle reenactments; Missing Picture, The (Panh); Waltz with Bashir (Folman); We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese)

Vium, Christian 10, 54-73 volkisch thought 81, 86, 92-93, 94-97

Waltz with Bashir (Folman) 311-315, 313, 327-328, 329n6

war see battle reenactments; specific conflicts

Warlpiri people 54, 68

Warsaw, Nazi bombing of see Traumgutstrasse (Kusmirowski)

Weaphones (firearm simulator) 180, 181 Weizman, Eyal 39-44

Werth, Brenda 6, 7, 253-271

We Want [u] to Know (Pugliese): compared to My Life After (Arias) 256-257; filmmaking process of 288-291, 294-298; as genocide film 288, 290-291, 294-296, 302; participants in 289-291, 289, 290, 294, 296-298, 297, 299, 300-301; and questions of power 8-9, 288, 294-298, 299-302; reception of 298-302;

see also Pugliese, Ella

What They Want to Hear (Arias) 257 white supremacy 89-91, 94-97; see also neo-Nazism

Winton, Sir Nicholas 273-274

Wirth, Susan 196

witnessing 9-10, 26, 40-42, 50-51, 258-259, 302; see also viewers’ perspectives

Wolin festival (Festival of Slavs and Vikings) 77, 82, 87, 89, 91

Wolinska K⅞pa (Poland) 77 women reenactors: cross-gender performance by 220-221, 227-232; experiences of 220, 225-231; roles for 6, 221-222, 224-227, 231-232; scholarship on 218-221

World Jewish Relief 275, 277, 281

World Trade Center (Stone) 25, 32-33, 35n13

World War II: bombing of Warsaw during 38, 46-49; cultural memory of 47-48, 274; reenactments of events from 149 (see also Kindertransport; partisan marches [Yugoslavia])

Wotansvolk 77, 96-97

Wrap Up London 277

Xi Jinping 126, 134-135

Yan’an (China): battle reenactments in 135-138, 137; historical significance of 127-128; map of 129; photographs of 131, 132, 137; as red tourism site 126-127, 129, 130-135, 139-140

Yan’an Talks 128, 130, 133-134, 136, 139 Year I Was Born, The (Arias) 269

Yoshimaru Katsuya 158

youth and children 105-106, 108, 115, 119-120, 160, 278-279, 293; see also Kindertransport; My Life After (Arias)

Yugoslavia: breakup of 121-122; interethnic connections in 118; partisan marches in (see partisan marches [Yugoslavia]); social­political organizations in 107-108, 113, 115-120

Zero-Ten (art exhibition) 239, 243, 249

Zhang Wentian 132-133

Zhu De 131

Ziliox, Reimund “Arian” 81, 84 Zulkadry, Adi (The Act of Killing) 316

Zurne, Lise 6, 9, 173-194