Conclusion
This chapter has summarized some of the issues most important to the economies of pastoral societies and has outlined some of the most up-to- date techniques that can be used in studying them.
No short chapter could hope to cover the entire range of the subject, throughout the world and throughout all of time, but it is clear from the case study provided here that archaeologists have a very long way to go in fully understanding past pastoralism. Some of the problems are caused by recent geopolitics and the limited access archaeologists have had to certain key regions, and some relate to the more ephemeral nature of the evidence. However, we now have a range of new tools in our analytical armoury that will allow us to tackle fundamental questions of economy, environment, mobility, and migration, and thus to have much firmer underpinnings for our wider understanding of these societies.
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