List of Figures

2.1 Ben Sliney, air traffic controller at Newark Airport, playing himself in the thoroughly documented film reenactment of events on the ground on September 11 in Paul Greengrass’s

United 93 23

2.2 A passenger aboard United 93 flight makes telephone contact

with someone on the ground, minutes before the charge of the cockpit in the speculative reenactment of events in the air on September 11 in Paul Greengrass’s film 24

3.1 Forensic Architecture located photographs and videos within a 3D model to tell the story of one of the heaviest days of bombardment in the 2014 Israel-Gaza war.

Complex, Rafah: Black Friday (Forensic Architecture, 2015) 40

3.2 Video still showing two bombs in mid-air fractions of a second

before impact in the Al Tannur neighborhood in Rafah, Gaza

on 1 August 2014 (Forensic Architecture, 2015) 41

3.3 Robert Kusmirowski Traumgutstrasse. Photo by Jakub

WroblewskiZGaleria Salon Akademii, 2014 44

3.4 Robert Kusmirowski Traumgutstrasse. Photo by Jakub

WroblewskiZGaleria Salon Akademii, 2014 45

3.5 Robert Kusmirowski Traumgutstrasse. Photo by Jakub

WroblewskiZGaleria Salon Akademii, 2014 47

4.1 No. 13. Tonantins (rive gauche). Albert Frisch. 1867ZZNo. 14. Tonantins. Une habitation de la ville. Albert Frisch. 1867ZZ No. 15. Le Lac de Tonantins avec le vapeur Bravo. Albert Frisch. 1867ZZNo. 16. Malocca (rive gauche). Une habitation des indiens sauvages Caizanas. Albert Frisch. 1867ZZNo.

17. Caixanas (rive gauche). Indiens sauvages a la chasse dans la foret avec Carabatana, un carquois plein de fleches empoisonnes et le sac de sumauma. Albert Frisch. 1867ZZ No. 18. Caixanas (rive gauche). Indiens sauvages (homme et femme). Albert Frisch. 1867ZZNo. 19. Caixanas (rive gauche). Indiens sauvages (homme et femme). Indien avec la lance et la

couronne de Lianes sur la tete, peuplade tres passifique d’un teint tres clair.

4.2 Triptych. Left side: Clediane photographed in Sao Sebastiao

(first location of Tonantins). Christian Vium. 2015. Center: Raimundo and Zilius photographed in Sao Sebastiao (first location of Tonantins). Christian Vium. 2015. Right side: No. 18. Caixanas (rive gauche). Indiens sauvages (homme et femme). Albert Frisch. 1867. © Albert Frisch images courtesy of Weltmuseum Wien 63

5.1 Heiko Gerull performing in reenactment clothing with the pagan metal band Menhir at Heathen Rock Festival in Hamburg-Harburg, 18 February 2012. © Martin Langebach 83

5.2 (a) Ulfhednar’s group flag presented on an album cover of

Menhir. (b) Archeological find of a strap divider from a harness excavated at the Early Medieval Alemanni burial ground of Niederstotzingen. (c) Reconstruction drawing of the Niederstotzingen strap divider illustrating its usage and scale. (a) © Menhir, Hildebrandslied, Perverted Taste 2007 (Re-released Trollzorn 2007). (b and c) P. Paulsen, Alamanische Adelsgraber von Niederstolzingen, Stuttgart 1967, pp. 5 & 45 85

5.3 Performers of reenactment group Ulfhednar with group flag at the Festival of Slavs and Vikings Wolin, 31 July-2 August 2015.

© Argumente & Kultur Bielefeld 87

7.1 Touristic Map of Yan’an: 1. Site of Remembering the Battle Defending Yan’an Performance, 2. Zaoyuan, 3. Yangjialing, 4. Wangjiaping, 5. Museum of the History of Revolution, 6. Yan’an Pagoda Hill, 7. Yan’an City Center (south of Yan River), and 8. Yan’an News Memorial Hall. © Marc Andre

Matten 129

7.2 Mao Zedong’s vegetable garden in Yangjialing. © Marc Andre

Matten 131

7.3 Cave Dwellings of Wang Jiaxiang (left) and Zhu De (right)

in the Date Garden (Zaoyuan). All caves at the sites of red tourism in Yan’an have been renovated recently. © Marc Andre Matten 132

7.4 The waist drum dance after the victory of the CCP. The banner on the right side names the Spirit of Yan’an. © Marc

Andre Matten 137

8.1 Display showing and challenging the expected “traditional”

ninja outfit.

8.2 Shinobi and ninja are different readings of the same kanji

characters 152

8.3 Ninja character Igarashi Mai. © MARIBON 155

8.4 The ninjutsu powers from which players can choose and their relationship to each other. Illustration by author, © Tomono 159

8.5 Poster for the 2019 larp runs. © CLOSS Hinasaki Mochiki 161

9.1 Reenactor performing Royal Netherlands East Indies Army shouting “Prepare to be shot!.” Video still documentary

The Feel of History (2017) by Lise Zurne 174

9.2 David demonstrates the game Weaphones. Video still

documentary The Feel of History (2017) by Lise Zurne 181

9.3 Reenactor performing Royal Netherlands East Indies Army hides during battle. Video still documentary The Feel of

History (2017) by Lise Zurne 181

10.1 Shows the route of the Evliya ^elebi Way with the UNESCO logo featuring a beardless Evliya. Evliya speaks of himself as clean-shaven and a “world traveller.” Photo by permission of

Kate Clow and Caroline Finkel 197

10.2 Captures riders and horses from the 2009 ride in the Yalakdere (Yalak River, the Drakon of antiquity), suggesting how traveling on horseback might be a form of time travel. Photo

by permission of Kate Clow and Mehmet £am 198

10.3 Shows 2009 riders and horses being welcomed to Ovacik, illustrating how the fellowship of the horse makes arrival on horseback an exciting occasion, especially for children

released from school. Photo by permission of Gerald MacLean 201 10.4 Shows a signpost on the Via Eurasia and Evliya ^elebi Way

indicating the route to Sehitler (“Martyrs”) village, 2013. Photo

by permission of Uludag Sozluk (photo in the public domain) 212

12.1 Torso (Figure with Pink Face), detail, by Kazimir Malevich

(1928-1929). Image by the author 243

12.2 Torso (Figure with Pink Face), by Kazimir Malevich (1928­

1929). © Heritage Image Partnership Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo 244

13.1 My Life After, Lola Arias. Permission from Lola Arias.

13.2 Liza Casullo reading the news in My Life After, Lola Arias.

Permission from Lola Arias. 262

14.1 Former Kindertransportees participating in the 2009 Prague-

London Winton Train Ride. © Barbara Winton 274

14.2 Former Kindertransportees participating in the 2009 Prague-

London Winton Train Ride. © Barbara Winton 275

14.3 Locomotive 60163 Tornado with the Winton Train at London Liverpool Street Station. Photographed by SP Smiler, under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Winton-Train-London-Liverpool-St-Stn-20090904a.jpg) 276

14.4 Frank Meisler Kindertransport Memorial at Berlin Friedrichstrasse (“Trains to Life—Trains to Death”).

© Bill Niven 279

15.1 In the pagoda. Photo Leah Roth-Howe, 2009, courtesy Ella

Pugliese 289

15.2 Reconstruction. Photo Leah Roth-Howe, 2009, courtesy Ella

Pugliese 290

15.3 Ella Pugliese and Nou Va with Grandma Nhey. Photo by the

follow-up crew, 2012, courtesy Ella Pugliese 297

15.4 Ceremony at the Phnom Plet pagoda. Photo by the follow-up

crew, 2012, courtesy Ella Pugliese 301

16.1 The close-up of Folman’s face as shown in Waltz with Bashir 313

16.2 The eyeline-match cut to live-action footage in Waltz

with Bashir 313

16.3 Suryono in his role as a communist in The Act of Killing 317

16.4 Anwar watching the scene from the other side of the set

in The Act of Killing 318

16.5 The screening of the interrogation scene in Anwar’s living

room, as shown in The Act of Killing 320

16.6 Anwar watching the interrogation scene in which he portrays

a communist 320

16.7 The inmates of a forced labor camp watch a propaganda film,

as shown in The Missing Picture 324