Contents

Advisory Board, xv

Series Editor's Preface, xvii

Editor’s Preface, xix

Topic Finder, xxiii

Chronology of Germany and the Americas, xxxi

Germany and the Americas:

Culture, Politics, and History

Volume 1, Introductory Essays, A-F Introductory Essays, 1

North America, 3

German Jewish Migration to the United States, 13

South America, 23

German Migration to Latin America, 27

Changes in Migration Paterns in the Twentieth Century, 33

Adams, John Quincy, 37

Addams, (Laura) Jane, 38

Adelsverein (Society for the Protection of

German Immigrants in Texas), 40

Adelung, Johann Christoph, 43

Admiral Graf Spee, 45

Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund, 47

African Americans, 48

Altgeld, John Peter, 51

Amana Colonies, 53

American Churches in Germany, 57

American Civil War, Financial Support of

Frankfurt Bankers for, 61

American Civil War, German Participants in, 62

American Occupation Zone, 65

American Students at German

Universities, 69

Americanisms in the German Language, 71

Americanization, 75

Amerika Institut, 79

Amish, 80

Anarchists, 81

Anneke, Mathilde Franziska, 84

Antisemitism, 85

Anzeiger des Westens (Western Informer), 92

Argentina, 93

Assimilation of Germans in the United

States, 97

Assing, Ottilie, 103

Astor, John Jacob, 105

Aufbau (Construction), 108

Ave-Lallemant, Robert Christian

Berthold, 109

Baegert, Christoph Johannes Jakob, 111 Bananas and Pineapples, 112 Bancroft, George, 115

VII

Barbie, Klaus, 118

Bartz, Fritz, 119

Baudissin, Adelbert Heinrich, Count, 120

Bauhaus, 122

Becker, Joao, 127

Becker, Philip, 127

Beckmann, Max, 129

Beer, 130

Berger, Victor L., 133

Berlin Wall, 135

Berliner Journal, 137

Berlin/Kitchener, Ontario, 138

Bernoulli, Carl Gustav, 142

Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich Andreas Hermann Albrecht Count von, 143

Bismarck’s Anti-Socialist Law (1878-1890), 145

Bitburg, 146

Bloch, Felix, 149

B’nai B’rith (Sons of the Covenant), 150

Bodmer, Karl, 152

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 155

Bosse, Georg von, 156

Boveri, Margaret, 158

Brackebusch, Ludwig, 159

Brandt, Willy, 160

Braun, Wernher von, 163

Brazil, 165

Brazil, German Exile in, 172

Brazil, Religion in, 176

Brecht, Bertolt, 179

Bremerhaven, 181

Brummer, 183

Bruning, Heinrich, 184

Buffalo, 186

Buffalo Bill, 190

Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (Federation of German Women’s Clubs), 192

Burgess, John William, 195

Burmeister, Carl Hermann Conrad, 196

Business, U.S.-Third Reich, 198

Cahensly, Peter Paul, 201

Canada, Germans in (during World Wars I and II), 202

Canadian Military Forces in West Germany, 212

Carranza, Venustiano, 216

Casablanca Conference/Unconditional

Surrender, 218

Catholic Women’s Union, 219

Central Park, 222

Chamisso, Adelbert von, 225

Chewing Gum, 227

Chicago, 229

Chile, 234

Cincinnati, 239

Cluss, Adolf, 248

Coca-Cola, 250

Committee on Public Information, 252

Conquista, 254

Consumerism, 256

Cooperative for American Remittance to Europe/Council of Relief Agencies Licensed for Operation in Germany, 259

Council for a Democratic Germany, 261

Darmstaedters (The Forty), 265

Davis, Angela Yvonne, 267

Dawes Plan, 269

Deckert, Friedrich Karl Emil, 272

Denazification, 273

Dieseldorff, Erwin Paul, 276

Dieterle, William, 277

Dietrich, Marlene Magdalene, 278

Dimension2, 280

Dobrizhoffer, Martin, 282

Dohms, Hermann Gottlieb, 282

Duden, Gottfried, 283

Dunt, Detlef, 285

Dutch, 287

Eckener, Hugo, 289

Ederle, Gertrud, 291

Egg Harbor City, New Jersey, 292 Ehrenreich, Paul Max Alexander, 295 Eichmann, Karl Adolf, 296

82nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 297

Einhorn, David, 300

Einstein, Albert, 302

Encyclopaedia Americana, 305

Ende, Amalie (Amelia) von, 311

Ephrata, 312

Ernst, Friedrich, 314

Ertl, Hans, 316

Eschwege, Wilhelm Ludwig von, 318

Espionage and Sedition Act, 319

Eugenics/Euthanasia, 320

Everett, Edward, 325

Far East, U.S.-German Entente in the, 329

Faupel, Wilhelm, 331

Feininger, Andreas, 333

Festivities, German Brazilian, 334

Film and Television (American) After World

War II, Germany in, 338

Film (German), American Influence

on, 340

Film (German), The Image of the United States in, 347

First Moroccan Crisis (1905-1906), 354

Flugel, Johann Gottfried, 355

Follen, Charles (Karl), 356

Ford, Henry, 358

Fordism, 360

Foreign Policy (U.S., 1949-1955), West Germany in, 362

Forster, Bernhard, 368

Forty-Eighters, 369

Francke, Kuno, 372

Frankfurt am Main Citizens in the United

States, 373

Frankfurt School, 378

Fredericksburg, Texas, 381

Freiheit (Freedom), 385

Freund, Ernst, 387

Friedman, Perry, 389

Friedrich, Carl Joachim, 390

Friends of the New Germany, 391

Fritz, Samuel, 394

Fromm, Erich, 395

Fuchs, Klaus, 396

Fulbright Program, 398

Fuller, Margaret, 400

Volume II: G-N

Geisel, Ernesto, 403

Georgia, 403

German Almanacs in Rio Grande Do

Sul, 405

German American Bund (Amerikadeutscher Volksbund), 410

German American Clubs (in West Germany), 412

German American Women's

Organizations, 413

German Catholic Central-Verein, 418

German Democratic Republic Studies in the United States, 421

German Historical Institute in

Washington, D.C., 423

German Reformed Church, 424

German Scare, 428

German Society of Pennsylvania, 428

German Society of the City of New York, 430

German Students at American

Universities, 432

German Unification (1871), 436

German Unification (1990), 436 Germanism in Rio Grande Do Sul, 440 Germantown, Pennsylvania, 443

Gert, Valeska, 446

GIs in West Germany, 448 Glassmaking, 445

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, and the United States, 453

Goldschmidt, Richard Benedict, 455

Gonner, Nicholas E., Jr., 457

Gottingen, University of, 459

Great Depression, 460

Griesinger, Karl Theodor, 464

Gropius, Walter Adolph, 466

Grund, Franz Josef, 467

Gusinde, Martin, 469

Haenke, Thaddaus, 471

Halvorsen, Gail S., 472

Hamburg, 474

Hammerstein, Oscar, I, 476

Hanfstaengl, Ernst and Helene, 477 Hapag, 480

Harmony Society, 482

Harnack, Mildred Fish, 484

Hart, James Morgan, 486

Hartmann, Franz, 487

Hauthal, Rudolf Johannes Friedrich, 488

Haymarket, 489

Heartfield, John, 490

Hecker, Friedrich, 493

Hegemann, Werner, 494

Helbig, Karl Martin Alexander, 496

Hermann, Missouri, 497

Herzog, Werner, 500

Hessians, 502

Hettner, Alfred, 504

Hexamer, Charles J., 505 Heym, Stefan, 507

Hindenburg Disaster, 508

Holborn, Hajo, 510

Hollywood, 511 Holm, Hanya, 515

Horkheimer, Max, 517

Huebsch, Ben W., Stefan Zweig, Lion Feuchtwanger, Franz Werfel, and the Viking Press Imprint, 518

Humboldt, Alexander von, 530

Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 532

Hutten, Ulrich von, 533

Ihering, Hermann Friedrich Albrecht von, 537

Illinois, 538

Illinois Staatszeitung, 540 Indian Captivity, 542

Indian Films of the Deutsche Film

Aktiengesellschaft, 546

Indiana, 550

Indians in German Literature, 554 Integralism, 561

Intellectual Exile, 562

International Council of Women, 565

Iowa, German Dialects in, 566

Jackson, Robert H., 571

Jamaica, 572

Jannings, Emil, 573

Jessing, John Joseph, 575 Jewish Refugee Scientists, 575

Johann, King of Saxony, 586 Johns Hopkins University, 588

Johnson, Philip Cortelyou, 589

Joist, Johann Heinrich, 590

Judaism, Reform (North America), 591

Kansas, German Dialects in, 597 Kapp, Friedrich, 600

Kappler, August, 601 Kelly, Petra, 602

Kelpius, Johann, 603

Kenkel, Frederick P., 604

Kiesling, Hans von, 606

Kindergartners, 606

Kino, Eusebius Franciscus, 611

Kirchhoff, Theodor, 613

Kisch, Egon Erwin, 613

Kissinger, Henry, 614

Koch-Grunberg, Christian Theodor, 616 Koerner, Gustave Philipp, 618

Koerner, William Henry Detlef, 619

Kohl, Johann Georg, 620

Kohler, Kaufmann, 621

Kollonitz, Paula von, 622

Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 623

Koseritz, Karl von, 625

Kracauer, Siegfried, 626

Kraemer, Fritz Gustav Anton, 628

Krause, Arthur and Aurel, 629

Kuhn, Fritz Julius, 630

Kunwald, Ernst, 631

Landscape Architects, German

American, 635

Lang, Fritz, 636

Langsdorff, Georg Heinrich von, 638

Latin America, German Military Advisers in, 639

Latin America, Nazi Party in, 643

Latin America and Nazi Economic

Policy, 647

Latin America, Nazis in, 651

Leeser, Isaac, 653

Leni, Paul, 654

Lenk, Margarete, 655

Leo Baeck Institute, 656

Leopoldine Foundation, 658

Leutze, Emanuel Gottlieb, 660

Lewis, Sinclair, 662

Liberal Republican Movement, 664

Lieber, Francis (Franz), 666

Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 668

Lindbergh, Charles Augustus, 670

List, Friedrich, 672

Literature (Canadian), Germany and Germans in, 674

Literature (German American) in the Nineteenth Century, 675

Literature, German Canadian, 679

Literature (German), The United States in, 681

Llewellyn, Karl Nickerson, 689

Loeb, Jacques, 691

Loewenstein, Karl, 692

Lohe, Johannes Konrad Wilhelm, 694

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 694

Lorre, Peter, 696

Louisiana, 698

Lowe (Lowe), Adolph, 701

Lubitsch, Ernst, 702

Ludwig-Missionsverein, 703

Luschan, Felix von, 705

Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, 707

Maack, Reinhard, 713

Maeser, Karl Gottfried, 715

Mann, Thomas, 717

Marcuse, Herbert, 719

Markgraf, Georg, 721

Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von, 722

May, Karl Friedrich, 724

McDonald’s Restaurant, 727

Meusebach, John O., 729

Mexico, 731

Mexico, German Jesuits in, 738

Mexico, German Mexican Relations in, 741

Meyer, Hans Heinrich Joseph, 746

Meyer, Herrmann, 747

Meyer, Kuno, 749

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 750

Milwaukee, 752

Milwaukee Socialists, 757

Mining, 760

Minnesota Holy Land, 763

Mollhausen, Heinrich Balduin, 767

Morgenthau, Hans J., 770

Morgenthau Plan, 772

Mosquito Coast, Moravian

Missionaries, 774

Mosse, George Lachmann, 776

Most, Johann, 777

Motley, John Lothrop, 780

Muck, Karl, 781

Mucker, 783

Muench, Aloisius, 785

Muench, Friedrich, 787

Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus

Conrad, 789

Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior, 790

Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, 792

Mumford, Lewis, 793

Munsterberg, Hugo, 795

Murnau, Friedrich Wilhelm, 796

Music (U.S.), German Influence on, 799

Nast, Thomas, 803

National German-American Alliance, 805

Natterer, Johann Baptist, 809

Neue Heimat, 810

Neumann, Franz L., 811

New Braunfels, Texas, 812

New Orleans, 815

New York City, 817

New Yorker Staats-7eltung, 820

Newspaper Press, German Language in the

United States, 822

Norddeutscher Lloyd, 826

Nova Scotia, 829

Novel, German American, 833

Nueces, Battle of the, 836

Nuremberg Trials, 837

Volume III: O-Z

Obwexer, 843

Olmsted, Frederick Law, 844

Olympic Games, 846

Ontario, 850

Ontario, German-Language Press in, 855

Orozco y Huerta, 858

Osterhaus, Peter J., 859

Paepcke, Walter Paul, 861

Panama, 863

Papen, Franz von, 865

Paraguay, 867

Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 869

Paul Wilhelm, Duke of Wurttemberg, 871

Pennsylvania, 872

Pennsylvania German (Dutch)

Language, 877

Peter, Val J., 879

Philippi, Bernhard Eunom, 880

Philippi, Rudolph Amandus, 882

Photography, 883

Pietism, 887

Plant, Richard, 890

Poeppig, Eduard Friedrich, 892

Politics and German Americans, 893

Potatoes, 898

Prager, Robert Paul, 900

Preminger, Otto Ludwig, 901

Presley in Germany, 902

Preuss, Edward F., 904

Printing and Publishing, 905

Radio Free Europe, 911

Radio Inside the American Sector, 912

Ratzel, Friedrich, 913

Reconstruction of West Germany (1945-1949), 915

Redlich, Josef, 917

Reed, Dean, 918

Reinhardt, Max, 920

Reiss, Johann Wilhelm, 921

Rheinstein, Max, 923

Rittinger, John Adam, 924

Roebling, John Augustus and Washington

Augustus, 925

Rotermund, Wilhelm, 928

Ruppius, Otto, 929

Ruth, George Herman, “Babe”, 931

Salomon, Edward S., 933

Sapper Family, 934

Sartorius, Karl C., 936

Sauer, Christoph, 936

Schaff, Philip, 938

Schiff, Jacob Henry, 939

Schimmelpfennig, Alexander, 941

Schindler, Rudolf, 942

Schluter, Hermann, 944

Schmidel (Schmidl, Schmidt), Ulrich, 945

Schomburgk, Robert Hermann, 947

Schonberg, Arnold, 948

Schultze-Jena, Leonhard Sigmund, 950

Schurz, Agathe Margarethe, 951

Schurz, Carl, 953

Schutz, Anton (Joseph Friedrich), 954

Schwab, Frank X., 955

Schwab, Justus H., 957

Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 958

Schwenkfelders, 960

Sealsfield, Charles, 964

Seghers, Anna, 965

Seume, Johann Gottfried, 967

Shuster, George Nauman, 969

Sievers, Wilhelm, 970

Sigel, Franz, 971

Singmaster, Elsie, 972

Slavery in German American and German Texts, 974

Socialist Labor Party, 976

Sociedad Colombo-Alemana de Transportes Aereos, 978

Solms-Braunfels, Prince Carl of, 983

Sons of Hermann, 985

Sorbs (Wends), 987

SS St. Louis, 991

St.

St.

Staden, Hans, 996

Stalin Note, 998

Steffen, Hans, 999

Steinen, Karl von den, 1000

Sternberg, Josef von, 1002

Sternburg, Hermann Speck von, 1004

Steuben, Friederich Wilhelm von, 1005

Steuben Society of America, 1007

Stiefel, Ernst C., 1008

Strauch, Adolph, 1009

Strauss, Leo, 1013

Stroessner, Alfredo, 1014

Stroheim, Erich von, 1016

Strubberg, Friedrich August (Ps. Armand), 1017

Stubel, Moritz Alphons, 1018

Taylor, (James) Bayard, 1021

Tehran Conference, 1022

Termer, Karl Ferdinand Franz, 1024

Texas, 1025

Texas German Dialect, 1029

Thompson, Dorothy, 1035

Ticknor, George, 1037

Tomuschat, Christian, 1039 Transcendentalism, 1041

Travel Literature, German-U.S., 1043 Traven, B., 1051

Treaty of 1785, (Prusso-American Treaty), 1053

Treaty of Versailles, 1055

Tschudi, Johann Jakob, 1057

Turner Societies, 1058

Twain, Mark, 1063

Unabhangiger Orden Treuer

Schwestern, 1065

United States, East German Perception of the, 1066

U.S. Bases in West Germany, 1069

U.S.-GDR Relations, 1071

U.S.-German Intellectual Exchange, 1073 U.S. Plans for Postwar Germany

(1941-1945), 1078

Vagts, Alfred, 1085

Vansittartism, 1086

Vater, Johann Severin, 1088

Veidt, Conrad, 1091

Venezuelan Crisis (1902-1903), 1092

Verein, 1094

Viereck, George Sylvester, 1097

Vietnam War and West German Protests, 1099

Volga Germans (Volga Deutsche) in the United States, 1101

Volkswagen Company and Its VW Beetle, 1102

Von-Der-Heydt'sches Reskript (Heydt Edict), 1105

Waibel, Leo Heinrich, 1107

Waldseemuller, Martin, 1108

Walther, Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm, 1109 Warburg, Felix Moritz, 1112 Washington, Booker T., and German

Togoland, 1113

Waterloo County, Ontario, 1115

Waterloo, Ontario, 1119

Weischet, Wolfgang, 1122

Weiser, Conrad, 1123

Weissmueller, Peter Jonas, 1124 Weitling, Wilhelm (Christian), 1126 Welskopf-Henrich, Liselotte, 1128 Wenders, Wim, 1131

West Berlin, 1134 Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian Alexander

Philipp Prinz zu, 1139 Wigner, Eugen(e) Paul, 1141 Wilder, Billy, 1142 Wilhelmy, Herbert, 1144 Willich, August (von), 1145 Wirz, Henry, 1147 Wise, Isaac Mayer, 1148 Wolf, Franz Theodor, 1150 Woman and Socialism, 1152 World War I, 1153 World War I and German

Americans, 1163 World War I, German Prisoners and

Civilian Internees in, 1167 World War I, German Sabotage in Canada during, 1169

World War II, 1171 World War II, German American Soldiers in, 1179

World War II, Internment of Germans from Latin America in, 1181

World Wars I and II, Brazil and Germany in, 1183

World Wars I and II, Canada and Germany in, 1184

Wyler, William, 1188

Zakrzewska, Marie Elizabeth, 1191 Zenger, John Peter, 1194 Zeppelin, 1195

Zuckmayer, Carl, 1198

List of Contributors, 1201 Index, 1209 About the Editor, 1307